초록
이용율이 낮은 어류를 이용하여 건조젓갈을 제조하고 품질개선을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 건조젓갈은 풀치, 전어 및 강달이 전어체 마쇄물에 대하여 절반량의 물과 $4\%$ Alcalase를 첨가하여 6시간 가수분해시키고 여과한 여액을 분자량 500 dalton의 막을 통과시킨 후 건조보조제로서 $2\%$ glucose, $4\%$ lactose 및 $4\%$ skim milk를 첨가하고 건조시켜 제조하였다. 분자량 500dalton의 막을 통과시킨 분획물은 아미노질소 회구율이 $91.7\~92.5\%$로서 쓴맛을 거의 나타내지 않아 쓴맛개선에 효과적이었으며, 건조효율을 높이기 위하여 첨가한 건조보조제도 역시 풍미개선에 효과적이었고, 건조수율은 풀치 $16.4\%$, 전어 $17.2\%$ 및 강달이 $17.0\%$였다. 최종제품의 수분함량은 각각 $4.2\%,\;3.7\%$ 및 $4.0\%$였고, 탄수화물 함량은 각각 $38.2\%,\;46.2\%$ 및 $42.5\%$였다. 그리고 총질소량과 아미노질소량은 각각 $3.9\%,\;4.1\%$ 및 3$3.7\%$와 $3.2\%,\;3.4\%$ 및 $3.1\%$로 높았으며, 총질소에 대하여 아미노질소가 차지하는 비율은 $82.1\~83.6\%$이었다. 풀치, 전어 및 강달이의 건조젓갈을 $25\%$, Aw 0.88 조건에서 평형시켰을 때 흡습율은 각각 $6.9\%,\;7.5\%$ 및 $6.8\%$였고, 용해도는 각각 $84.6\%,\;83.6\%$ 및 $93.8\%$로 나타났다.
Proessing conditions for fermented and dried sauces with the underutilized fishes were investigated. Hair tail, gizzard shad, and kangdale were hydrolyzed at $60^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours using $4\%$ Alcalase, and their hydrolysates were separted by molecularporous membrane. The hydrolytic ratios of hair tail, gizzard shad, and kangdale were estimated to be $84.2\%$, $83.6\%$ and $85.1\%$, respectively. Amino nitrogen recoveries were determind to be $73.1\~73.9\%$ by a membrane with molecular weight cutoff 100 dalton and $91.7\~92.5\%$ by a membrane with 500 dalton. Ultrafiltration was very efficient means for removing bitter taste. With the additions of $2\%$ glucose, $4\%$ lactose and $4\%$ skim milk, product yields of hair tail, gizzard shad, and kangdale were determind to be $16.4\%,\;17.2\%$ and $17.0\%$, respectively. Water adsorption rates of hair tail and kangdale showed $5.0\~9.2\%$ and $5.5\~9.6\%$, respectively, under Aw 0.52$\~$0.94. Contents of total nitrogen in the fermented and dried sauces prepared with hair tail, gizzard shad and kangdale were $3.9\%,\;4.1\%$ and $3.7\%$, respectively, and those of amino nitrogen were $3.2\%,\;3.4\%$ and $3.1\%$, respectively. In the fermented and dried sauces prapared with hair tail, gizzard shad and kangdale, the hygroscopities at Aw 0.88 were $6.9\%,\;7.5\%$ and $6.8\%$, respectively, and solubilities under dissolved in water for 30 minutes were $84.6\%,\;83.6\%$ and $93.8\%$, respectively.
(Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Yosu National University)
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