Wind and Structures

  • 제2권1호
  • /
  • Pages.1-23
  • /
  • 1999
  • /
  • 1226-6116(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6225(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis and performance of offshore platforms in hurricanes

  • Kareem, Ahsan (NatHaz Modeling Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame) ;
  • Kijewski, Tracy (NatHaz Modeling Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame) ;
  • Smith, Charles E. (Offshore Mineral Management, Mineral Management Service, Technology Assessment and Research Branch)
  • 발행 : 1999.03.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Wind effects are critical considerations in the design of topside structures, overall structural systems, or both, depending on the water depth and type of offshore platform. The reliable design of these facilities for oil fields in regions of hostile environment can only be assured through better understanding of the environmental load effects and enhanced response prediction capabilities. This paper summarizes the analysis and performance of offshore platforms under extreme wind loads, including the quantification of wind load effects with focus on wind field characteristics, steady and unsteady loads, gust loading factors, application of wind tunnel tests, and the provisions of the American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 2A - Working Stress Design (API RP 2A-WSD) for the construction of offshore structures under the action of wind. A survey of the performance of platforms and satellite structures is provided, and failure mechanisms concerning different damage scenarios during Hurricane Andrew are examined. Guidelines and provisions for improving analysis and design of structures are addressed.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. American National Standards Institute (1982). ANSI A58.1-1982 : Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ANSI, New York.
  2. American Petroleum Institute (1993). Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms - Working Stress Design, API RP 2A, API, Washington, D.C.
  3. American Petroleum Institute (1995). Specification 4F : Specifications for Drilling and Well Servicing Structures, Washington, D.C.
  4. American Society of Civil Engineers (1995). ASCE Standard, ASCE7-95 : Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE, New York.
  5. Anctil, F. and M.A. Donelan, (1996), "Air-water momentum flux observations over shoaling waves", J. of Physical Oceanography., 26(7) 1344-1353. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1996)026<1344:AMFOOS>2.0.CO;2
  6. Botelho, D.L.R., C. Petrauskas, T.J. Mitchell and D.K.Y. Kan, (1994a), "A detailed study on the failure probability of ST130 "A" platform during the passage of hurricane andrew", OTC#7472, Proceedings Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, May.
  7. Botelho, D.L.R., R.R. Ullmann, D.P. Chancellor and P.E. Versowsky, (1994b), "A survey of the structural damage caused by Hurricane Andrew on some of the platforms located in the south timbalier area", OTC#7470, Proceedings Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, May.
  8. Brown, R.D. and V.R. Swail (1991), "Over-water gust factors", Ocean Engineering., 18(4).
  9. Cardone, V.J. and A.T. Cox, (1992), "Hindcast study of Hurricane Andrew (1992) offshore gulf of Mexico" , Oceanweather Inc., November.
  10. Chakrabarti, S.K. (1990). Nonlinear Methods in Offshore Engineering, Elsevier.
  11. Det Norske Veritas (1982). Rules for the Design Construction and Inspection of Offshore Structures, Appendix B.
  12. Donelan, M.A. (1982), "The dependence of the aerodynamic drag coefficient on wave parameters", Proceedings of International Conference on Meteorology and Air/Sea Interaction, The Hague, Netherlands.
  13. Forristall, G.Z. (1985), "Wind spectra and gust factors over water", OTC#5735, Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, May.
  14. Gore, R. (1993), "Andrew aftermath", National Geographic, 183(4).
  15. Gurley, K. and A. Kareem, (1993), "Gust loading factor for tension leg platforms" , Appl. Ocean Res., 15(3) 137-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1187(93)90037-X
  16. Imm, G., O'Connor, P.E. and J. Light, (1994), "The inelastic response of an offshore platform in Hurricane Andrew" , Structures Congress XII, Atlanta, April.
  17. Kareem, A. (1985), "Wind-induced response analysis of tension leg platforms" , J. of Structural Eng., 111(1).
  18. Kareem, A. (1986), "Structural performance and wind speed-damage correlation in Hurricane Alicia", ST, 112(12).
  19. Kareem, A. (1987), "Wind effects on structures: a probabilistic viewpoint" , Probabilistic Eng. Mech., 2(4) 166-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-8920(87)90009-9
  20. Kareem, A. (1992), Offshore Technology Research Center Annual Report, OTRC College Station, TX.
  21. Kareem, A. (1998), "Wind effects on offshore structures" , Proceedings of the Jubileum Conference on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures, Porto Alegre, Brazil, May.
  22. Kareem, A, P.C. Lu, T.D. Finnigan and S-L. Liu, (1987), "Aerodynamic loads on a typical tension leg platform" , Ocean Eng., 14(3).
  23. Kareem, A. and C. Smith, (1993), "Analysis and performance of offshore platforms in hurricanes", Proceedings of the 7th U.S. National Conference on Wind Engineering, UCLA.
  24. Kijewski, T. and A. Kareem, (1998), "Dynamic wind effects in codes and standards with wind tunnel data", Wind and Structures, 1(1) 77-109. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.1998.1.1.077
  25. Koen, A. (1992), "Gulf of Mexico production still recovering", OGJ, Oct. 12.
  26. Lewis, G., P. DeGruy and L. Avery, (1993), "Hurricane-damaged gulf of mexico pipeline repaired with cold forging", OGJ, May 3.
  27. Minerals Management Service (1992), "Damage to the oil and gas industry from Hurricane Andrew", Official Document.
  28. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (1992), "NOAA national hurricane center preliminary report on Hurricane Andrew", August 16-28.
  29. "Hurricane Cuts Down Aged Platforms" , (1992), Off. Eng., September.
  30. Puskar, F., R.K Aggarwal, F. Moses and C. Petrauskas, (1994), "A comparison of analytically predicted platform damage to actual platform damage during Hurricane Andrew", OTC#7473, Proceedings Offshore TechnoLogy Conference, Houston, May.
  31. Tubb, M. (1992), "Industry efforts minimize Andrew's destruction", Ocean Ind., Oct.
  32. Vickery, B.J. and P.J. Pike, (1985) "An investigation of dynamic wind loads on offshore platforms", OTC#4955, Proceedings Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, May.
  33. Williamsen, E. (1992) "Aerodynamic aspects of offshore structures", J. of Wind Eng. and Ind., 41-44.
  34. Zhao, J. and A. Kareem, (1994) "Analysis of non-gaussian surge response of tension leg platforms under wind loads", Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 116(3) 137-144. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2920142

피인용 문헌

  1. Comparison of Modeling Approaches for Full-scale Nonlinear Viscous Dampers vol.14, pp.1-2, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546307079396
  2. Feedback-feedforward control of offshore platforms under random waves vol.30, pp.2, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-9845(200102)30:2<213::AID-EQE5>3.0.CO;2-4
  3. Joint distribution of wind speed and direction in the context of field measurement vol.20, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2015.20.5.701
  4. Generalized Wind Loading Chain: Time-Frequency Modeling Framework for Nonstationary Wind Effects on Structures vol.145, pp.10, 1999, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002376
  5. Trivariate joint probability model of typhoon-induced wind, wave and their time lag based on the numerical simulation of historical typhoons vol.35, pp.2, 1999, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01922-w
  6. Performance Assessment of Oil Supply Chain Infrastructure Subjected to Hurricanes vol.27, pp.4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)is.1943-555x.0000637