Status of Water Quality in Nakdong River Districts

낙동강 수계의 수질 현황

To provide the basic information for the water improvement and control of water resource in Nakdong river districts, the physico-chemical characteristics of water in four main streams and three branch streams of the river were investigated through 36 times totally, one time per each month from January in 1995 to November in 1997. The pH values of each sites in main or branch stream of Nakdong river was pH $6.3{\sim}9.3$ range, pH range of Jukpo and Namji area at spring and fall was almost over pH 8.5, which was exceeded the water quality standard for agriculture. DO values of Nakdong river was almost $8.0{\sim}13mg/l$, except for Kangchang area in downstream of Kumho river. BOD values in Dasa area where was prior to mixing of Kumho river was $1.5{\sim}4.8mg/l$, which was under the water quality standard for agriculture(8mg/l), but BOD values followed mixing of Kumho river was over the permit standard of agricultural water as $3.8{\sim}8.9mg/l$ in Koryung, $3.4{\sim}8.4mg/l$ in Jukpo and $3.3{\sim}7.8mg/l$ in Namji according to time or season. Especially, BOD values at Gangchang area in Kumho river were $7.6{\sim}18.5mg/l$, which was over the water quality standard for agriculture and so Kumho river was a main pollutant: source of Nakdong river. COD values of main stream of Nakdong river was over the permit standard of agriculture(8mg/l) as $5.2{\sim}13.5mg/l$ in Koryvng, $5.0{\sim}12.7mg/l$ in Jukpo and $5.0{\sim}12.2mg/l$ in Namji according to time or season. And COD values was much high rather than BOD values and its gap of concentration was increased along with downstream. $NH_4-N$ of main stream of Nakdong river followed mixing of Kumho river($0.5{\sim}13.1mg/l$) was the highest affected in Koryung($0.18{\sim}5.0mg/l$) and detected much more in winter than in summer. T-N in Koryung($4.96{\sim}12.06mg/l$) followed mixing of Kumho river was significantly high rather than $2.86{\sim}4.86mg/l$ in Dasa, $4.20{\sim}8.20mg/l$ in Jukpo and $3.18{\sim}8.64mg/l$ in Namji, which was almost over the permit standard of agricultural water(1.0mg/l). T-P in Koryung($0.10{\sim}0.58mg/l$) also was significantly high rather than those $0.07{\sim}0.36mg/l$ in Jukpo and $0.08{\sim}0.4mg/l$ in Namji as over the standard of agricultural water(0.1mg/l). The concentration of T-N or T-P in Nakdong districts was trended of increasing in every year.

낙동강 수계 농업용수의 수질개선 및 수자원관리를 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 낙동강 본류 4개지점과 지류 3개지점의 수질을 1995년 1월부터 1997년 11월까지 매월 1회 총 36회에 걸쳐 수질특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 수온은 본류와 지류의 각 지점별 수온차는 거의 없었으며 동절기는 평균수온이 $5^{\circ}C$이하이고 하절기는 $26^{\circ}C$이상으로 큰 차이를 보였고, 낙동강 본류의 지점별 pH는 $6.3{\sim}9.3$ 범위로서 적포지역과 남지지역은 봄과 가을에 pH8.5 이상으로 대부분 농업용수 허용기준치인 pH $6.0{\sim}8.5$를 초과하였으며, 낙동강 지류의 지점별 pH는 $6.5{\sim}8.5$ 범위였다. 각 지점별 DO는 금호강 하류인 강창지점을 제외하고는 대부분 $8.0{\sim}13mg/l$ 정도의 분포를 나타내었고, BOD는 금호강이 합류되기 전인 다사지점은 $1.5{\sim}4.8mg/l$로서 농업용수 허용기준치인 8mg/l 이하였으나 금호강이 합류된 후인 고령은 $3.8{\sim}8.9mg/l$, 적포는 $3.4{\sim}8.4mg/l$ 그리고 남지는 $3.3{\sim}7.8mg/l$로서 이들 지점은 시기에 따라서 농업용수허용 기준치를 초과하는 경우가 많았다. 특히 낙동강 지류인 금호강 강창지점의 BOD는 $7.6{\sim}18.5mg/l$로서 금호강은 낙동강의 주된 오염원인 것으로 나타났다. COD는 본류의 경우 고령이 $5.2{\sim}13.5mg/l$, 적포의 경우 $5.0{\sim}12.7mg/l$ 그리고 남지는 $5.0{\sim}12.2mg/l$의 범위로서 시기에 따라서 농업용수허용기준치인 8mg/l을 초과하는 경우가 많았으며, COD값은 BOD값에 비하여 훨씬 높게 나타났으며 하류지역으로 갈수록 그 농도차의 폭이 컸다. $NH_4-N$은 본류의 경우 금호강($0.5{\sim}13.1mg/l$)의 영향을 크게 받는 고령지점이 $0.18{\sim}5.0mg/l$로서 가장 높았고, 적포는 $0.03{\sim}4.49mg/l$, 남지는 $0.01{\sim}3.81mg/l$ 범위였으며, 여름철에 비하여 갈수기인 겨울철에 $NH_4-N$가 매우 높게 검출되었다. T-N은 금호강의 영향을 크게 받는 고령이 $4.96{\sim}12.06mg/l$ 범위로서 가장 높았으며, 다사지점 $2.86{\sim}4.86mg/l$, 적포지점 $4.20{\sim}8.20mg/l$, 남지지점 $3.18{\sim}8.64mg/l$로서 대부분이 농업용수기준치인 1.0mg/l을 훨씬 초과하였다. T-P도 고령이 $0.10{\sim}0.58mg/l$ 범위로서 가장 높았으며, 적포지점 $0.07{\sim}0.36mg/l$, 남지지점 $0.08{\sim}0.41mg/l$로서 대부분이 농업용수기준치인 0.1mg/l을 초과하였으며, 낙동강 수계의 T-N 및 T-P 농도는 매년 증가하는 경향이었다. 중금속은 Cu가 $ND{\sim}0.047mg/l$, Zn는 $ND{\sim}0.041mg/l$ 범위의 농도로 검출되었고 Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg 및 As는 검출되지 않았다.