Effects of Inorganic Nutrients and Heavy Metals on Growth and Pigmentation of the Green Alga, Ulva pertusa Kjellman

녹조 구멍갈파래(Ulva pertusa Kjellman)의 생장 및 색소조성에 미치는 무기 영양염류 및 중금속의 영향

  • Published : 1999.12.01

Abstract

Differential growth of Ulva pertusa Kjellman was observed in response to different photon irradiances and seawater. Growth rate of U. pertusa cultivated in the seawater collected from the East Sea was significantly higher than that in the seawater collected from the Yellow Sea. Optimal growth was found at $100{\mu} molm^{-2} s^{-1}$ in both cases. Chlorophyll contents of U. pertusa grown in the east sea water were higher than that cultivated in the west sea water at irradiances lower than $60{\mu} molm^{-2} s^{-1}$. At irradiances higher than $100{\mu} molm^{-2} s^{-1}$, there was no difference in chlorophyll content in between the two different sea waters with tendency that pigmentation decreased with increasing photon irradiances. Nitrate concentration in the west sea water was 2-fold higher than that in the east sea water, while phosphorus concentrations (0.03 ppm) were similar. Concentrations of $Cu^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ were 0.004 and 0.003 ppm respectively which are far below environmental standard concentrations (0.02 ppm for $Cu^{2+}$ and 0.1 ppm for $Pb^{2+}$). Taking those data into account, we have done laboratory investigations into the effects of inorganic nutrients and heavy metals on U. pertusa. As nitrate concentration increased from 0.5 to 5 ppm, growth rate of U. pertusa increased, but different concentrations of phosphorus did not cause any differential effect. On the other hand, chlorophyll contents increased with increasing phosphorus concentrations. Copper of U. pertusa be toxic decreased the growth and pigmentation as the concentration increased, whereas lead showed no such effect. Concentrations of $Cu^{2+}$ employed in the present study were much higher than those in ambient seawater. Intermittent soaring of $Cu^{2+}$ level as observed in natural seawater could, however, seriously damage the growth behaviour of U. pertusa.

본 연구에서는 동해와 서해에서 채수된 자연해수에서 녹조 구멍갈파래를 배양하여 생장을 비교하고 아울러 환경오염인자라고 할 수 있는 무기영양염류(질산염과 인산염)와 중금속(구리와 납)의 영향을 평가하였다. 먼저, 광량별 생장율은 서해해수조건보다 동해해수조건에서 뚜렷하게 높게 나타났으며 이때 최적생장광량은 두 조건에서 공히 $100{\mu} molm^{-2} s^{-1}$인 것으로 나타났다. 엽록소 함량의 경우 60 $\mu$molm­$^2$$^1$이하의 광량에서는 동해해수조건에서 높게 나타났으나, $100{\mu} molm^{-2} s^{-1}$이상의 광량에서는 두 조건에서 유사하게 나타났다. 광량과 색소함량 사이에는 일반적으로 반비례관계가 성립되었는데 즉, 광량이 증가함에 따라 색소함량이 감소되었다. 1988년부터 1997년까지 조사된 환경부자료에 의하면 자연해수에서의 질산염의 농도는 서해해수에서 0.88ppm으로써 동해해수의 0.37ppm보다 2배 이상 높았으며 인산염은 동해와 서해해수 모두에서 0.03ppm으로 유사하게 나타났다. 또한 $Cu^{2+}, Pb^{2+}$은 각각 0.004, 0.003ppm으로 환경기준보다 매우 낮은 것으로 보고된 바 있다. 따라서 이러한 자료를 기초로 하여 무기영양염류(질산염과 인산염)와 중금속(구리와 납)이 구멍갈파래에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 무기염류의 효과에 대한 연구에서 질산염의 농도가 증가함에 따라 구멍갈파래의 생장율이 증가하였으며 5ppm에서 생장포화를 보이는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 인산염은 생장에 특별한 영향을 끼치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 엽록소 함량의 경우에는 인산염 농도가 증가함에 따라 뚜렷한 양적 증가현상을 보였다. $Cu^{2+}$는 구멍갈파래에 매우 강한 독성을 끼쳐 농도가 증가함에 따라 엽체의 생장율과 엽록소 a,b 그리고 carotenoids함량이 현저하게 감소하였으며 특히 1ppm에서는 carotenoids가 전혀 검출되지 않았다. $Pb^{2+}$는 위와 같은 생장 파라미터에 대하여 특별한 영향을 주지 않았다. 현재 자연해수중에 존재하는 질산염과 인산염, $Cu^{2+}, Pb^{2+}$.등은 그 농도면에 있어서 구멍갈파래의 생장제한요인으로 작용할 정도는 아닐 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 $Cu^{2+}$와 같은 경우 간헐적으로 높은 농도가 기록되는 것을 볼 때 이로인하여 구멍갈파래의 생존에 결정적인 상해를 입힐 수도 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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