Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in the Elderly

고령환자의 관상동맥 우회로 조성술

  • 김학제 (고려대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 황재준 (고려대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김현구 (고려대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 신재승 (고려대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 손영상 (고려대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 최영호 (고려대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실)
  • Published : 1999.08.01

Abstract

Background:The number of old patients receiving coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) is increasing. With the more recent advances in operative techniques, the age at which CABG is indicated has also increased. This study evaluated the risk factors associated with the hospital mortality and the morbidity following CABG in elderly patients. Material and Method: Between March 1991 and June 1998, we retrospectively reviewed 45 consecutive patients aged 65 years or older who underwent CABG. We compared the data with the results of 179 patients under the age 65 years operated during the same period. Result: Mean age was 68${\pm}$1.41 years(range 65 to 74 years). Emergency surgery was required in 4, and elective surgery in 41 patients. The mean number of distal anastomosis per patient was 3.62 ${\pm}$0.81 and mean aortic cross-cramp time was 69.84${\pm}$18.5 minutes. Thirty patients had Canadian class III or IV preoperatively, but 43 patients had class I or II postoperatively. The left ventricular ejection fraction increased significantly from 54.23${\pm}$10.62% preoperatively to 58.14${\pm}$9.88% postoperatively(p<0.05). Postoperative complication was pneumonia in 2 patients, acute renal failure in 2 patients, sternal wound infection in 1 patient, and postoperative myocardial infarction in 1 patient. There were two postoperative deaths. The causes of deaths were low output syndrome in one patient, and sepsis due to pneumonia in the other patient. The hospital mortality was higher in the elderly group(4.4 versus 2.86%) but was not statistically significant(p>0.05). Incremental risk factors for hospital deaths in the elderly were emergent operation, preoperative PTCA, postoperative use of IABP and postoperative ARF(p<0.05). The duration of hospital stay after operation was significantly longer for the elderly group than the younger group(19.27${\pm}$12.51 vs 15.55${\pm}$6.99 days; p< 0.05). Follow-up was complete for 34 of the hospital survivors and ranged from 1 to 73 months(mean: 23.58${\pm}$19.56 months). There was no late mortality of cardiac origin. Conclusion: Age is an important factor in selecting optimal management for elderly patients with coronary compromise, but age alone should not dictate the choice of therapy. Coronary artery bypass surgery in the elderly is associated with acceptable early mortality and excellent long-term results.

배경: 최근 관상동맥 질환의 증가와 함께 고령환자의 수술 건수도 증가하는 추세이다. 또한, 수술 수기의 발 달과 새로운 방법의 개발로 점차 더 나이든 환자에서도 내과적 치료보다는 수술을 시행하는 경우가 늘어가 고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고령환자에서 관상동맥 우회로 조성술의 임상 분석을 시행하고 나아가 위험인 자를 규명하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1991년 3월부터 1998년 6월 사이에 시행된 관상동맥 우회로 조성술 환 자 224명 중 65세 이상인 총 45명을 대상으로 후향성 분석을 시행하고, 같은 기간의 65세 미만인 군과 비교 하였다. 결과: 평균연령은 68$\pm$1.41세(범위: 65~74세)였다. 계획적인 수술을 받은 환자가 41명이었고, 응급수 술을 받은 환자는 4명이었다. 문합수는 환자당 평균 3.62$\pm$0.81개였으며, 평균대동맥차단시간은 69.84$\pm$18.48 분이었다. 협심증 등급은 술전에는 30명이 III, IV등급이었으나 술후에는 대부분인 43명이 I, II등급으로 향상 되었다. 좌심실 구출률은 술전 54.23$\pm$10.62에서 술후 58.14$\pm$9.88로 향상되었다(p<0.05). 술후 합병증으로는 폐렴이 2례, 급성신부전증이 2례, 흉골감염이 1례, 술후 심근경색이 1례 있었다. 술후 사망은 저심박출증이 1 명, 폐렴에 의한 패혈증 1명 있었다. 병원사망률은 4.4%로 동기간의 65세 미만 군의 사망률인 2.86%과 비교 하여 높았으나 통계학적인 의미는 없었다(p>0.05). 고령군에서 병원사망률의 위험인자로 응급수술, 술전 PTCA, 술후 IABP의 거치, 술후 급성신부전 등이 의미 있었다(p<0.05). 재원기간은 고령군이 19.27$\pm$12.51일로 대조군의 15.55$\pm$6.99일에 비해 길었다(p<0.05). 총 34명에서 외래추적관찰을 시행하였고 평균추적기간은 23.58$\pm$19.56개월(범위: 1~73개월)이었으며 심장질환과 연관된 사망례는 없었다. 결론: 연령은 관상동맥질환 을 가진 환자에서 적절한 치료방법을 선택함에 있어서 중요한 인자가 될 수 있다. 그러나 나이 하나만으로 최상의 치료방법을 결정하여서는 안된다. 위의 결과에서 젊은 연령층에 비해 그다지 높지 않은 사망률과 좋 은 장기 성적을 볼 때 적극적으로 수술에 임하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다.

Keywords

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