Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
권호 표지

Upper Mesozoic Stratifraphic synthesis of Korean Peninsula

한반도 후기중생대층 층서종합

  • Ki-Hong Chang (Department of Geology, Kyungpook National University)
  • Published : 1999.08.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The Cretaceous and the Upper Jurassic strata of the Korean Peninsula, entirely of continental facies, form a sedimentary mega-unit subdivided into three unconformity-bounded units. The lower, Upper Jurassic-early Lower Cretaceous unit (Jasong Synthem) occurs profusely in North Korea and is characterized by volcanic rocks of intermediate to acidic, calc-alkaline to alkaline compositions; but strata of this unit is very rare in South Korea. The middle, Hauterivian-Lower Albian unit occurs commonly in the Korean Peninsula, but some alkalinesubalkaline basalt and andesite occur only in South Korea. A recently obtained U-Pb isochron age about 113.6 Ma (Chang et at, 1998) from the zircon grains of the Kusandong Tuff in the uppermost part of the Haman Formation has thrown much light on the age of this unit. The stratotype of this Hauterivian-L. Albian unit is the Sindong and Hayang Groups of the Kyongsang Basin, where the unit is about twice thick and has more conglomerates than in sedimentary basins in North Korea. The unit shows various sedimentary cycles in different basins showing that the cyclicity is controlled by local crustal motion. The upper, Upper Albian-Upper Cretaceous unit is abundant in South Korea with prolific volcanic rocks which are intermediate to acidic and notably calc-alkaline. In North Korea, however, this unit occurs in only one locality without volcanic rocks and is not voluminous. The distribution of these three unconformity-bounded units shows a stepwise younging toward the Pacific Ocean: the lower unit occurs mainly in N Korea, the middle unit occurs in both N and S Korea, and the upper unit occurs mainly in the southern part of S Korea. The Cretaceous sedimentary basins of S Korea were genetically controlled by paralleling sinistral strike-slip faults parallel to the Pacific margin.

한반도와 중국 동부에 있어서 주라계와 백약계의 경계는 해성층의 결여로 구획이 곤란하고 경계상하가 연속적 지층을 이루고 있어 상부주라-하부백약계로 파악한다. 이는 하나의 광역적 부정합간 지층단위이므로 자성속(慈城束)이란 지층명이 적당하다. 그 위의 백약계인 경상속(慶尙束)은 다시 두 개의 부정합간 단위로 분류되는데 경상분지의 신동층군과 하양층군을 대표로 하는 단위(Hauterivian-하부Albian)와 동분지의 유천 화산암층군을 대표로 하는 단위(상부Albian-상부백약계)가 그들이다. 즉, 한반도 전역의 상부주라-백약계는 이들 3개의 부정집합간 단위로 나누인다. 상부주라-하부백약계 하위의 부정합은 주라기 중기 재지 후기의 대보변동에 기인하고 동 단위 상위의 부정합은 재령강(載寧江)변동에 기인한다. 유천아속(亞束)(상부Albian-상부백약계) 하위의 부정합은 유천(兪川)변동에 기안하는 것으로 이는 러시아 북동부와 연해주 일대에도 널리 인정된다, 상위는 널리 분포합은 신생대 초의 변동의 산물이다. 상부주라-백악계의 퇴적을 개관하건데 하부단위(자성속)는 북한에는 널리 분포하여 화산암이 많으나 남한에는 소규모의 묘곡층 등이 알려져 있다. 그 위의 중부단위(신동 및 하양층군 해당의 하부백약계)는 한반도 전역에 분산 분포하나 경상분지가 대표적으로 큰 분지이며 이곳의 충후는 북한의 배(倍)에 달하고 역암의 양도 훨씬 많다. 상부단위(유천아속)는 남한에는 널리 분포하고 화산암이 대부분이나 북한에는 예성강분지의 봉화산층군 밖에는 알려져 잇지 않고 화산암이 없다. 중부단위의 경우 각 퇴적층은 현저한 주기성을 보인다. 이 주기성은 남한과 북한의 동시기 지층의 상호대비의 기준이 되지 못할 가능성이 있다. 경상분지의 하향층군이 보여주는 주기성을 국지적 지각의 지괴운동의 차이에 따라 분지의 남부와 북부가 현저히 다르다. 이 사실에 비추어 보면 멀리 떨어진 두 분지의 동시기 지층들은 지반각지의 국지적 개별적 운동에 따라 서로 다른 퇴적주기를 보일 수 있다. 상부주라-백약계의 퇴적에는 대채로 보아 화산활동이 수반했다. 북한의 자성속에는 칼크-알칼리 및 알칼리 중성 및 산성의 화산암류가 수반했다. 남한의 하부백야계 상부에는 알칼리-준알칼리 현무암 및 안산암이 수반했다. 남한의 유천아속은 칼크-알칼리 안산암 및 유뮨암이 대부분이다. 3개 부정합간 단위의 분표양상을 개관하면 하부는 주로 북한에 분포하고, 중부는 남북한에 공통으로 분포하고 상부는 특별히 남한 남부에 주로 분포하여 시간의 경과에 따라 태평양 쪽으로 분포지대가 단계적으로 이동했음을 알 수 있다. 백악기 동안의 남한의 분지형성에 대해서 대하여는 북동향 주향이동단층들의 좌수향 운동에 크게 기인했을 것으로 해석했다.

Keywords

References

  1. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.2 no.1 Stratigraphy and Sedimentation of Nakdong Subgroup ( Lower Cretaceous), Gyeongsang Province, Southern Korea Chang, K.H.
  2. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.3 no.1 An Occurrence of Late Cretaceous Fossil rain Prints in Korea Chang, K.H.
  3. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.3 no.2 Sedimentary Environments and Stratigraphic Relations of the Silra Conglomerate Tongue, Gyeongsang Chang, K.H.
  4. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.11 no.1 Cretaceous Stratigraphy of Southeast Korea Chang, K.H.
  5. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. v.86 Unconformity-bounded Stratigraphic Units Chang, K.H.
  6. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.14 no.3 Late Mesozoic Stratigraphy, Sedimentation and Tectonics of Southeastern Korea(Ⅱ)-with Discussion on Petroleum Possibility Chang, K.H.
  7. Treatise on Geology of Korea Chang, K.H.
  8. Geology of Korea Cretaceous Stratigraphy Chang, K.H.;D.S. Lee(ed.)
  9. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.24 no.3 Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Paleocurrent Analysis of Kyongsang Basin, Korea Chang, K.H.
  10. The Cretaceous system in East and South Asia, Research Summary 1994, Newsletter Special Issue, IGCP 350) Cretaceous System of Kyongsang Basin, S.E. Korea Chang, K.H.
  11. Encyclopedia of European and Asian Regional Geology Korean Peninsula Chang, K.H.;E.M. Moores(ed.);R.W. Fairbridge(ed.)
  12. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.26 no.5 Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic Stratigraphy and History of Eastern Kyongsang Basin, S. Korea Chang, K.H.;B.G. Woo;J.H. Lee;S.O. Park;A. Yao
  13. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.18-4 Occurrence of a Dinrosaur Limb Mone near Tabni, Southern Korea Chang, K.H.;S.J. Seo;S.O. Park
  14. Proceedings of 15th International Symposium of Kyungpook National University Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Geologiv History of Yaegu-Kyongju Area, Korea Chang, K.H.;S.O. Park
  15. Geoscience Journal v.1 no.1 Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Geologic History of Medial Kyongsang Basin: Tectonics and Volcanism Chang, K.H.;S.O. Park;H.S. Kim
  16. Kusangdong Quadrangle Map (1:50,000): Korea Research Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Chang, K.H.;S.W. Kim;J.Y. Lee;I.S. Koh
  17. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.6 no.2 Stratigraphic Position of Gyeongjeongdong and myogog Formations Chang, K.H.;S.Y. Yang
  18. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.20 no.1 Unconformity at the Base of the late Cretaceous Yucheon Group Chang, K.H.;Y.D. Lee;Y.G. Lee;S.J. Seo;K.Y. Oh;C.H. Lee
  19. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.34 no.4 Zircon Morphology, Chime Age and Geological Significance of Kusnadong Tuff(Cretaceous) Chang, K.H.;Y.J. Lee;K. Suzuki;S.O. Park
  20. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica v.27 no.6 Distribution and Migration of Jehol Fauna with Reference to Nonmarine Jurassic-Cretaceous Boundary in China Chen, P.J.
  21. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.2 no.2 The Myogok Formation and Its Tectonic significance Cheong, C.H.;H.Y. Lee
  22. 4th Korea-China Joint Geology Symposium Sedimentary Basin Analysis of the Tectonic-controlled Cretacesous Poongam Basin in Mid Korea: Crustal Evolution in Northeast Asia Cheong, D.K.;K.H. Kim
  23. Abstracts on cretaceous System: in Stratigraphy of China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
  24. Jour. Paleont. Soc. Korea v.1 no.1 Spores and Pollen from the Kyongsang Supergroup, Southeastern Korea and Their Chronologic and Paleontologic Implications Choi, D.K.
  25. Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Cretaceous Sedimentary strata in the yongdong Basin Choi, S.J.;Y.B. Kim;B.C. Kim
  26. Structural Evolution of the Cretaceous Eumsung Basin, Korea Choi, Y.S.
  27. Stratigraphic and Palaeontologic Study of Myogog Formation Chun, H.Y.;S.H. Um;P.Y. Bong;H.Y. Lee;S.J. Choi;Y.B. Kim;B.C. Kim.;Y.I. Kwon;M.S. Lee
  28. Fossil Floral and Faunal Assemblage and Paleoenvironmental Modeling Study on the Cretaceous Sedimentary Basins Scatteresd in/near the Ogcheon Belt (I) Chun, H.Y.;S.H. Um;S.J. Choi;Y.B. Kim;B.C. Kim;Y.S. Choi
  29. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.31 no.3 The Cretaceous Kyokpori Formation , SW Korea: Sublacustrine Steep-sloped Delta Facies Chun, S.S.;S.B. Kim
  30. Sedimentary Basins in the Korean Peninsula and Adjacent Seas Tectonic History of Cretaceous Sedimentary Basins in the Western Korean peninsula and Yellow Sea Chun, S.S.;S,K, Chough
  31. Proceedings of 15th International symposium of Kyungpook National University Development of the Northern Korean Volcanic Belt Filatova, N.I.
  32. Jour. Min. Pet. Econ. Geol. v.88 no.5 K-Ar Ages of Hornblendes in Andesite and Dacite from the Cretaceous Kanmon Group, Southwest Japan Imaoka, T.;Nakajima;T. Itaya
  33. Geol. and Geog. v.2 On Estherian Fossils Found in the Sinuiju Series Jon, B.C.
  34. Sequential Development of Depositional Systems in a Strike-slip Basins: Southern part of the Cretaceous Yongdong Basin, Korea Kim, B.C.
  35. Chongsan Quadrangle Map (1:50,000) Kim, D.H.;B.J. Lee
  36. Jour. Geol. Soc Korea v.30 no.2 Structural Evolution of the cretaceous Puyeo Basin, Korea Kim, J.H.;J.Y. Lee;W,S, Kee
  37. Yongdong Quadrangle Map (1: 50,000) Kim, K.B.;J.H. Hwang
  38. Petrology of the Late Cretaceous Volcanic Rocks in the Northern Yucheon Basin Kim, S.W.
  39. Commenmoration of Prof. S.M. Lee Late Cretaceous Igneous Activities in the Kyongsang Basin Kim, S.W.
  40. Geology of Japan Kimura, T.;I. Hayami;S. Yoshida
  41. Proceedings of 15th International Symposium of Kyungpook National University Late Mesozoic Environmental History of South-eastern Russia Kirillova, G.L.
  42. japan Jour. Geol. Geogr. v.13 no.3/4 Non-marine shells of the Naktong -Wakino Series Kobayashi, T.;K. Suzuki
  43. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.26 no.3 Evolution of Strike-slip Fault-controlled Cretaceous Yongdong basin, south Korea: Signs of Strike-slip Tectonics during Infilling Lee, D.W.;K.H. Paik
  44. Proceedings of 15th International Symposium of Kyungpook National University Cretaceous Environmental Chang in East and South Asia (IGCP 350): background and a New Insight Okada, H.
  45. Mem. Geol. Soc. Japan no.48 High Sedimentation Rates vs. High Sea level during the Cretaceous Okada, H.
  46. Geology of Korea: Pyongyang Paek, R.J.;H.G. Kang;G.P. Jon;Y.M. Kim;Y.H. Kim
  47. Geology of Korea: Pyongyang Paek, R.J.;H.G. Kang;G.P. Jon(ed.)
  48. Bull. Acad. Sci. v.5 Plant Fossils of the Upper Jurassic Found in the Phungso Basin Pak. I.S.
  49. Geol. Sur. (N. Korea) v.2 Cretaceous Conifer Fossils in the Basin of the River Jaeryong and Their Stratigraphic Significance Pak, I.S.
  50. Bull. Acad. Sci. (N. Korea) v.3 On Discovery of Quercus sp. (cupula) on the Ponghwansan Series of the Upper Cretaceous Pak. I.S.
  51. Mem. Geol. Soc. Japan no.48 Sedimentation and Tectonics of the Cretaceous Sedimentary Basins of the Axial and Kurosegawa Tectonic Zones in Kyusu, SW Japan Sakai, T.;H. Okada
  52. lower Cretaceous Geology and Paleontology (Charophyta) of Central Kyongsang Basin, Korea Seo, S.J.
  53. the Geologic Time Scale, Studies in Geology no.6 Isotopes Ages and Stratigraphic control of Mesozoic Igneous Rocks in Japan Shibata, K.;T. Matsumoto;T. Yanagi;R. Hamamoto
  54. Isotope Age Map of Volcanic Rocks in Korea (Scale 1:1,000,000) Shin, S.C.;M.S. Jin
  55. Isotope Age map of Plutonic Rocks of Korea (Scale 1:1,000,000) Shin, S.C.;M.S. JIn
  56. Atlas of the Academy of Geological Sciences and Wuhan College of Geology Wang, H.Z.(et al.)
  57. Bull. Nanjing Inst. Geol. & Paleont. classification and Environment of Clavatoraceae with Notes on its Distribution in China Wang, Z.;H.N. Lu
  58. Tectonophysics v.134 Formation and Evolution of the Tancheng-Lujiang Wrench Fault System: a Major Shear System to the Northwest of the Pacific Ocean Xu, J.;Z. Guang;T. Weixing;C. Kerei;L. Qing
  59. Trans. Proc. Paleont. Soc. Japan, N.S. no.95 Note on the Genus Trigoniodes(bivalvia) Yang, S.Y.
  60. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.20 no.1 Paleontological Study on the Molluscan Fauna from Nyogog Formation, Korea (Pt 2) Yang, S.Y.
  61. Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea v.13 no.2 Late Mesozoic Stratigraphy, Sedimentation and Tectonics of Southeastern Korea Chang, K.H.