Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the kinetics of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) destruction at various temperature. The toxic digestive gland homogenate of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), PSP crude toxin, gonyautoxin group and saxitoxin group were heated at temperature ranging from 90 to $120^{\circ}C$, and then the toxicities were measured in samples heated for various time intervals. The rate constant (k) of the toxic digestive gland homogenate, PSP crude toxin, gonyautoxin group and saxitoxin group were $3.28{\times}10^{-2},\;1.20{\times}10^{-2},\;5.88{\times}10^{-2}\;and\;2.58{\times}10^{-2}\;at\;120^{\circ}C$, respectively. The decimal reduction time (D-value) of the toxic digestive gland homogenate, PSP crude toxin, gonyautoxin group and saxitoxin group were 70, 192, 39 and 89 at $120^{\circ}C$, respectively. These results indicate that PSP crude toxin is most heat-stable of 4 types of PSP toxins and PSP toxin are more heat-stable than food poisoning bacteria and spores. The retorting condition to reduce PSP toxicity below quarantine limit ($80\;\mu\textrm{g}/100\;g$ in Korea and America, 4 MU/g in Japan) could be calculated by rate constant. For example, the digestive gland homogenate having a initial toxicity of $200\;\mu\textrm{g}/100\;g$ could have toxicity below quarantine limit when heated at $90^{\circ}C$ for 129 min., $100^{\circ}C$ for 82 min., $110^{\circ}C$ for 48 min. and $120^{\circ}C$ for 28 min. These results suggest that commercial retorting condition ($115^{\circ}C$ for 70 min) in Korea is enough to reduce toxicity below quarantine limit from initial toxicity of $200\;\mu\textrm{g}/100\;g$. From these results, the quarantine limit of PSP-infested shellfish for canning can be level up to raw score of $200\;\mu\textrm{g}/100\;g$.
마비성 패류독(Paralytic Shellfish Poison, PSP)에 의하여 독화된 패류의 유효이용에 대한 자료를 제공하고자 독화된 진주담치의 중장선 균질육, 0.1N HCI로 추출한 조독소 용액, 중장선으로부터 정제한 gonyautoxin(GTX) group 과 saxitoxin(STX) group 등 4가지 형태의 PSP 독소에 대한 내열성을 조사하였다. 독화된 진주담치의 중장선육 균지액, 산추출 조독소액, GTX group, STX group, STX group 등 4종류의 반응속도 상수는 $120^{\circ}C$에서 $3.28{\times}10^{-2},\;1.20{\times}10^{-2},\;5.88{\times}10^{-2},\;2.58{\times}10^{-2}$이었으며 4종류의 독소 중 0.1 N HCl로 추출한 조독소용액의 D-value가 가장 높았다. 반응속도 상수를 이용한 살균 온도 산정에 있어서, 최초 독력이 $200\;\mu\textrm{g}/100g$인 독화된 진주 담치육의 경우, 독력을 마비성 패류독 규제치인 $80\;\mu\textrm{g}/100g$으로 감소시키는데는 $90^{\circ}C$에서는 약 129분, $100^{\circ}C$에서는 약 82분, $110^{\circ}C$에서는 약 48분, $120^{\circ}C$에서는 약 28분 걸렸다. 이러한 결과는 최초 독력이 $200\;\mu\textrm{g}/100g$인 패류의 경우, 통조림 살균공정 후 잔존 독력이 규제치인 $80\;\mu\textrm{g}/100g$ 이하로 감소시키는 데에는 현재의 살균조건($115^{\circ}C$, 70분) 으로는 충분하다는 것을 입증한다.
