Alkylation of Isobutane with 1-Butene over Heteropoly Acid Catalysts

헤테로폴리산 촉매상에서 1-부텐에 의한 i-부탄의 알킬화반응

  • Hong, Sung Hee (Department of Chemical Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Wha Young (Department of Chemical Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Song, In Kyu (Department of Industrial Chemistry, Kangnung National University)
  • 홍성희 (서울대학교 공과대학 화학공학과) ;
  • 이화영 (서울대학교 공과대학 화학공학과) ;
  • 송인규 (강릉대학교 공업화학과)
  • Received : 1996.10.19
  • Accepted : 1997.02.21
  • Published : 1997.04.10

Abstract

Liquid or gas phase alkylation of isobutane with 1-butene for i-octane production was carried out over Cs- or $NH_4$-exchanged $H_3PW_{12}O_{40}$. Pretreatment temperature of the catalyst played an important role on the catalytic activity of heteropoly acids in the liquid phase alkylation. Cation-exchanged $H_3PW_{12}O_{40}$ showed a better total yield and i-octane selectivity than the mother acid in the liquid phase alkylation, and $(NH_4)_{2.5}H_{0.5}PW_{12}O_{40}$ was more efficient than $Cs_{2.5}H_{0.5}PW_{12}O_{40}$ in terms of i-octane selectivity. It was found that the acidic property (deactivation of acid sites) of the catalyst was closely related to the catalytic activity of Cs- or $NH_4$-exchanged $H_3PW_{12}O_{40}$ in the gas phase alkylation. $C_5-C_7$ were mainly formed in the early stage of gas phase alkylation due to the strong acidic property of the catalyst, whereas $C_8$ and $+C_9$ were mainly produced as the reaction proceeded due to the deactivation of acid sites. $Cs_{2.5}H_{0.5}PW_{12}O_{40}$ showed the highest total yield in the gas phase alkylation among the catalysts examined.

1-부텐과 i-부탄의 알킬화반응에 의한 i-옥탄 생성반응을 Cs 혹은 $NH_4$가 치환된 $H_3PW_{12}O_{40}$ 촉매상에서 액상 및 기상으로 수행하였다. 액상알킬화반응의 경우 반응전 촉매의 전처리 온도가 헤테로폴리산 촉매의 반응성에 매우 중요한 역할을 하였다. 액상알킬화반응에서 치환염은 모산보다 매우 우수한 총수율과 i-옥탄 선택도를 보였으며, $(NH_4)_{2.5}H_{0.5}PW_{12}O_{40}$ 촉매는 $Cs_{2.5}H_{0.5}PW_{12}O_{40}$ 보다 1-옥탄 선택도면에서 더욱 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 기상알킬화반응의 경우 Cs 혹은 $NH_4$가 치환된 $H_3PW_{12}O_{40}$ 촉매의 활성은 촉매의 산특성(산점의 비활성화)과 관련이 있었다. 기상알킬화반응에서 반응초기에는 촉매의 강한 산특성 때문에 $C_5-C_7$가 주로 생성되나 반응이 진행되면서 촉매 산점의 비활성화가 진행되어 $C_8$$+C_9$가 주로 생성되었다. 기상알킬화반응에서 대상 촉매중 $Cs_{2.5}H_{0.5}PW_{12}O_{40}$이 가장 우수한 총수율을 나타내었다.

Keywords

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