Effects of Depth and Duration of Flooding on Growth and Yield at Transplanting Stages in Tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum).

토마토(Lycopersicon esculentum)의 이식기(移植期) 침수(浸水) 처리(處理)에 따른 생육(生育) 반응(反應)

  • Guh, Ja-Ock (College of Agriculture, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Roh, Sang-Eun (Oriental Chemical Industries) ;
  • Kuk, Yong-In (College of Agriculture, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Chon, Sang-Uk (College of Agriculture, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Young-Man (College of Agriculture, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Oh, Yun-Jin (National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station)
  • Published : 1997.03.31

Abstract

Tomatoes are flooded differently 0, 5, 10 and 15 ㎝, according to the developing stages such as transplanting stage under the condition of green house. Along with this, they are treated according to the time condition such as 6, 12, 24, 48 and 120 hours. The results obtained are summarized as follows. As the depth of flooding got deeper and the hours got longer, plant height, number of leaves, shoot and root decreased significantly. Flowering was possible for 24 hours in the flooding of 0 ㎝, for 6 hours in $5{\sim}10$ ㎝, but not possible after 6 hours in 15 ㎝. Without regard to the depth of flooding, adventitious root came into being before or after 48 hours of the treatment. Root activity diminished gradually as hours of treatment went by, but diminished rapidly over the depth of 5 ㎝. Chlorophyll content decreased similarly as in the case of root activity. Diffusion resistance of stomata cell increased as hours of treatment passed and depth increased. Photosynthesis and respiration diminished according as the hours and depth of treatment increased. Respiration diminished a little gradually but photosynthesis weakened greatly as the depth of treatment became greater and after 48 hours of treatment. Diseases occurred remarkably in proportion to the depth of treatment and the increase of hours. The possibility of preventing by means of insecticide treatment showed the same tendency as in the seedling stage. But its effect was not significant. After 120 hours yields could not be expected because tomatoes died without regard to the depth of flooding. Instead of the depth, numbers of fruits per plant decrease of individuals or variation of average weight of a fruit was recognized. Especially average weight increased in accordance with the increase of the depth. There was positive correlation between all the characters, such as plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, root activity and yield traits, but negative correlation between these and epinastic curvature, diffusion resistance and adventitious root.

이식기의 토마토에 각각 침수깊이를 지면 위 0, 5, 10, 15 ㎝의 4개 처리에, 각각 시간을 6, 12, 24, 48, 120시간 조합 처리 후 생육저해정도, 생리적 변화 및 수량 감소 등을 비교 검토하였다. 침수의 깊이가 깊어질수록, 그리고 시간이 길어질수록 초장, 개체당 엽수, 지상부 및 지하부 생체중이 유의적으로 감소했고, 개화는 0 ㎝ 침수에서 24시간, $5{\sim}10$ ㎝에서 6시간까지 개화가 가능하였으나, 15 ㎝에서는 6시간 경과에서도 이루어지지 않았다. 부정근의 발생은 침수깊이에 관계없이 48시간 침수를 전후하여 발생이 증대되었다. 근활력은 포화수 상태에서는 시간 경과에 따라 완만한 감소경향을 보였으나, 5 ㎝ 이상의 침수에서는 따라 급격한 감소를 보였다. 엽록소 함량감소는 근활력에서와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 잎의 기공저항성은 침수깊이와 시간경과에 따라 증대되었다. 광합성과 호흡률은 침수깊이와 시간경과에 따라 감소 하였으며 호흡률의 감소는 비교적 완만하였으나, 광합성은 침수깊이가 깊어지고 시간이 48시간이상시 극히 저조하였다. 발병은 침수처리깊이와 시간 증대에 비례하여 커졌고, 살균제 처리에 따른 방제 가능성은 유묘기와 같은 경향이었으나 효과는 미흡한 정도였다. 요소엽면시비에 의한 효과는 유의적으로 없었다. 120시간경과에서는 침수깊이에 관계없이 식물체가 고사되어 수량을 기대할 수 없었다. 그러나 침수의 깊이보다도 시간 차이에 따른 개체당 총 과수 감소나 평균중의 변이가 인정되었으며, 특히 평균 과중은 침수깊이의 증대로 오히려 커졌다. 초장, 엽수, 생체중과 엽록소 함량, 근활력 및 수량 특성 제형질들 상호간에는 정의 상관관계가 있었으며, 이들 형질과 상편생장정도, 기공확산저항성, 부정근 발생 등의 제형질간에는 부의 상관관계가 있었다.

Keywords