쌀 품종에 따른 증편의 조직특성에 관한 연구

A Study on Texture of Jeung-pyun According the Kinds of Rice

The composition and polymeric structure of starch are the most important factors to determine the functional properties of rice. In an effort to relate the structural characteristics and its functional properties of starch in rice, molecular structural properties of starch from 6 rice cultivars were analysed. To relate the structure and function of starch the texture of Jeung-pyun made of rice were analyzed during retrogradation. The polymeric structure of rice starch was analyzed by debranching with isoamylase after gelatinization and fractionated with Sephadex G-75 gel filteration. The size fractionated debranched starch was categorized into four groups such as Fraction I, II, III and Intermediate Fraction depending in their max, The fractions with the max higher than 620 nm were designated as Fraction I, while those in the range of 600-620 nm and 540-600 nm as the Intermediate Fraction and Fraction II, respectively. The Fractions with the max lower than 540 were described as Fraction III. The average degree of polymerization (DP) of the Fraction I was estimated to be higher than 200, and those of other fractions, i.e. the Intermediate Fraction I, Fraction II and III were 150,45 and 25, respectively. The levels of Fraction I were varied from II to 35％ of total sugar. The Fraction I showed the linear relationship with the amylse contents, and the Intermediate Fraction, which might contain the mixture of short chain of amylose and debranched long chain of amylopectin, were measured to be in the range of 2.7∼8.4%. The levels of fraction II and III, both to be considered as the branches of amylopectin, were ranged 14.5∼23.6% and 39.7∼73.0%, respectively. The ratio of Fraction III to Fraction II describing the degree of branch or compactness of amylopectin was estimated to be around 4.0 for waxy varieties and around 2.0 for high amylose cultivars. With these results, it can be suggested that the degree of branch of the amylopectin may effect on amylose contents of starch or rice versa, To invertigate processing aptitude of different rice cultivars for the preparation of Jeung-pyun, its texture was analyzed by Instron, hardness, cohesiveness, elasticity, gumminess and chewiness of Jeung-pyun made of rice showed the significant relationship with the amylose content. Hardness was increased during retrogradation of product, but the relationship between hardness and amylose content due to not only difference in amylose content but also difference in structural characteristics of starch. In analysis of relationship between structure of rice starch and mechanical properties of Jeung-pyun during retrogradation elasticity did not show any relationship before retrogradation bur during retrogradation showed significant correlation. With these result, it can be suggested that the degree of branch of the amylopectin may effect on elasticity during retrogradation. However hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness which were significant different before retrogradation, showed some correlation with structure of rice starch during retrigradation.