Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지

Volatile Organic Compound Levels inside Vehicles using Commercial Air Cleaning Devices

상업용 공기정화기 사용 차량 내 휘발성 유기물질 수준

  • Wan-Kuen Jo (Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea) ;
  • Kun-Ho Park (Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea)
  • Published : 1997.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Vehicle occupant exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been a subject of concern In recent years because of higher levels of VOCs Inside vehicles as compared to the surrounding ambient atmosphere and because of the toxicity of VOCs. The effectiveness of two commercial ACDs for the removal of selected VOCs in the interior of automobiles was evaluated on 115 commutes throegh urban (Taegu) commutes by two cars and 9 idles. The idling and commuting studios conducted under four different driving conditions showed that the ho commercial ACDs were not effective for the removal of VOCs in the interior of vehicles. The concentrations of all target VOCs except benzene were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the interior of older car than of newer cu. The mean levels of benzene and toluene measured in thins study were well excess of earlier other studios In the United States, besides Los Angeles with which was comparable. It was reported that the in-vehicle exposure to benzene and corresponding upper-bound cancel risk were about 8 times higher than those for outdoor environment, while they were about half of those from Indoor environment.

차량 내부의 높은 휘발성 유기물질 농도와 이들 휘발성 유기물질의 독성 때문에 휘발성 유기물 질에 대한 차량 내부에서의 노출이 주요한 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 115회의 도시 지역 (대구 광역시) 출퇴근과 9회의 정차 실험을 통해 상업용 공기정화기의 6 종류 휘발성 유기물질에 대한 제거 효율이 평가되었다. 네 종류의 운전 조건에서 수행된 정차 및 출퇴근 연구 결과, 본 연구에서 이용된 두 개의 시중 시판 차량용 공기정화기는 휘발성 유기물질에 대해 제거 효율이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 벤젠을 제외한 다섯 종류의 휘발성 유기물질의 농도는 최근 차량보다 오래된 차량 내부에서 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 본 연구에서 측정된 벤젠과 톨루엔의 평균 농도는 로스앤젤레스에서 측정된 값과 유사하게 나타났고, 그 이외의 미국내 비교지역의 측정 값보다는 높게 나타났다. 휘발성 유기물질에 대한 노출 및 해당 발암 위해성은 차량 내부에서 실외 공기의 약 8배 정도 높게, 그리고 실내 공기의 약 절반 정도로 산정 되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Hazardous Waste Risk Assessment Asante-Duah D. K.
  2. Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control Carbon monoxide and non-FTP ambient temperature Bruetsch, R. I.
  3. Environ. Sci. and Tech. v.25 Driver exposure to volatile organic compounds, CO, ozone, and $NO_2$ under different driving conditions Chan, C. C.;H. Ozkaynak;J. D. Spengler;L. Sheldon
  4. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. v.41 Commuter exposure to VOCs in Boston, Massachusetts Chan, C. C.;J. D. Spengler;H. Ozkaynak;M. Lefkopoulou
  5. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. v.46 Vehicle occupants exposure to aromatic volatile organic compounds while commuting on an urban-suburban route in Korea Jo, W. K.;S. J. Choi
  6. J. Korean Environ. Sci. v.4 no.5 Microenvironmental Exposures to volatile organic compounds Jo. W. K.;K. W. Kang;H. T. Woo;J. K. Park
  7. Risk Analysis v.10 Chloroform exposure and the health risk and body burden from showering with chlorinated tap water Jo, W. K.;Weisel, C. P.;Lioy, P. J.
  8. Environ. Sci. Technol. v.16 Assessing total human exposures to contaminants Lioy, P. J.
  9. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. v.33 Nelson, G. O.;C. A. Harder
  10. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. v.37 Nelson, G. O.;C. A. Harder
  11. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. v.37 Nelson, G. O.;A. N. Correia;C. A. Harder
  12. Environ. Sci. Tech. v.30 Nicholas, J. L.;C. P. Weisel
  13. Environ. Sci. Technol. v.19 Total human exposure Ott, W. R.
  14. Final Report. South Coast Air Quality Management District, in-vehicle characterization study in the south coast air basin SCAQMD.
  15. Benzene, CASRN71-43-2, IRIS Update. U. S. EPA
  16. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. v.46 VanOsdell, D. W.;M. K. Owen;L. B. Jaffe;L. E. Sparks
  17. NTIS PB 88100060 The TEAM study: Summary and analysis: Vol. I. U.S. EPA, EPA 600/687/002a Wallace, L. A.
  18. J. of Expos. Anal. and Env. Epi. v.2 no.1 Exposure to emissions from gasoline within automobile cabins Weisel, C. P.;N. J. Nicholas;P. J. Lioy
  19. EPA/600/4-89/017, U.S. EPA Compendium of methods for the determination of toxic organic compounds in ambient air Winberry, W. T. Jr.;N. T. Murphy;R. M. Riggin