Yolk resorption, onset of feeding and survival potential of larvae of red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara

붉바리 자어의 난황흡수 및 첫 먹이 섭취시기와 관련한 생존 특성

  • Published : 1997.11.01

Abstract

Yolk resorotion and commencement of external feeding in larvae of red spotted grouper, Epinepheus akaara were studied to understand the high mortality of larvae. Consumption of yolk was higher than that of oil globule for the first 24hs after hatching. The resorption rates of yolk and oil globule increased with the increase of temperature. The time yolk was comsumed up to 99% was 84hs after hatching in 23~$25^{\circ}C$,72hs at ~$27^{\circ}C$, and 60hs in 29~~$31^{\circ}C$, while the time for oil globule was 96hs in 23~$25^{\circ}C$, 84hs at $27^{\circ}C$, and 60hs in 29~$31^{\circ}C$. The relationship between mouth openning time (Y) and water temperature (X) was repersented as a linear regression, Y=-2.53X+118.4, (r2=0.89). In 72~96hs after hatching, upper jaw sizes of the larvae reached around 0.114 mm. By the time the larvae comsumed most of the yolk and oil globule, and started external feeding. The relationship between upper jaw length (Y) and total length (X) was represented as a linear regression, Y=0.139X-0.165, (r2=0.88). Rotifer was not found in the guts of larvae before 72hs after hatching at $28^{\circ}C$, when larvae resorbed their yolk and oil globule over 99%. But, at 96hs after hatching, about 33% of the larvae had the rotifer in their guts. Delayed feeding experiments revealed that the earlier food supply within 84hs after hatching showed the better survival rates for the larvae. The larvae fed at 96hs after hatching died all within 120hs.

붉바리 자어의 생존률 향상을 위한 연구의 일환으로써 자어의 주 사망 시기인 부화 직후부터 약 일주일간 자어의 난황흡수 및 먹이와 관련한 생존 특성 등을 조사하였다. 난황흡수 초기인 부화후 24시간 동안 자어의 난황 및 유구 흡수율은 난황보다는 유구의 경우가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 난황 및 유구의 흡수 시간은 수온이 높을수록 짧아지는 경향을 보였다. 수온 23-$25^{\circ}C$에서 99% 이상의 난황 및 유구가 흡수된 시점은 부화후 각각 84, 96시간이었고,$27^{\circ}C$에서는 각각 72, 84시간, 29-$31^{\circ}C$에서는 공히 부화후 60시간으로 나타났다. 수온 23-$31^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 수온(X)에 따른 자어의 개구시(Y)은 Y=-2.53X+118.4, ($r^2$=0.89)의 직선식으로 나타났다. 난황이 대부분 흡수되고 외부 영양섭취를 시작하는 시기 전후인 부화후 72-96시간째 자어의 상악장은 0.113-0.114 mm였으며, 개구후부터 부화후 1주일까지의 전장(X)과 상악장(Y)과의 관계는 Y=0.139X-0.165, ($r^2$=0.88)의 식으로 나타났다. 자어의 소화관에서 최초로 rotifer 가 발견된 때는 부화후 72시간으로써 99% 이상의 난황을 흡수한 시점이었다. 난황 및 유구를 완전히 흡수한 부화후 96시간에는 전체 자어중 약 33%가 먹이를 섭취한 것으로 나타났다. 첫 먹이 공급시기 지연에 따른 자어의 생존률은 부화후 84시간 이전까지는 첫 먹이공급 시기를 빨리할수록 생존율이 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 부화후 96시간에 첫 먹이를 공급한 경우는 부화후 120시간 째까지 모든 자어가 사망한 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Transactions of the American Fisherires Society v.114 Morphometric indices of nutritional condition and sensitivity to starvation of spot larvae Allyn, B. P.;J. C. Alexander
  2. Aquaculture v.65 Yolk and oil globule utilization and developmental morphology of the digestive tract epithelium in larval rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus (Bloch) Avila, E. M.;J. V. Juario
  3. Marine Biology v.91 Yolk resorption, onset of feeding and survival potential of larvae of three tropical marine fish species reared in the hatchery Bagarinao, T.
  4. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer v.28 The influence of egg size on herring larvae (Clupea harengus L.) Blaxter, J. H. S.;G. Hempel
  5. 4th Eur. Mar. Biol. Symp. Food searching potential in marine fish larvae Blaxter, J. H. S.;M. E. Staines;D. J. Crisp(Ed.)
  6. Aquaculture v.105 Fatty acid and free amino acid profiles of spawned eggs of stripped mullet, Mugil cephalus Clyde, S. T.;A. Harry;C. S. Lee
  7. Biometrics v.11 Multiple-range test and multiple F tests Duncan, D. B.
  8. Aquaculture v.80 First feeding of marine fish larvae : are free amino acids the source of energy ? Fyhn, H. J.
  9. Aquaculture v.71 Free amino acids in live freshwater zooplankton and dry feed : possible importance for first feeding in Atlantic salmonfry (Salmo salar) Holm, J. C.;B. T. Walther
  10. Aquaculture v.8 Culture of the larvae of the white mullet, Mugil curema Valenciennes Houd, E. D.;S. A. Berkeley;J. J. Klinovsky;R. C. Schekter
  11. Marine fish larvae Feeding ecology and predation of marine fish larvae Hunter, J. R.;R. Lasker(Ed.)
  12. The early life history of fish Feeding, starvation and weight changes of early fish larvae Ishibashi N.;O.H.S. Blaxter(Ed.)
  13. Aquaculture v.105 Effect of n-3 HUFA level in Artemia on growth of larval japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Izquierdo, M. S.;T. Arakawa;T. Takeuchi;R. Haroun;T. Watanabe
  14. Marine Biology v.102 Fatty acid composition as an indicator of food intake in cod larvae Gadus morhua from Lofoten, northern Norway Klungsoyr, J.;S. Tilseth;S. Wilhelmsen;S. Falk-Petersen;J. R. Sargent
  15. Report of Thailand and Japan Joint Coastal Aquaculture Research Project no.1 Growth and survival of newly hatched larvae of seabass, Lates calcarifer, in starved condition Kosutarak, P.;T. Watanabe
  16. Aquaculture v.104 The importance of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids for growth in larval Sparus aurata and their effect on survival, lipid composition and size distribution Koven, W. M.;A. Tandler;G. Wm. Kissil;D. Sklan
  17. L. J. Fish Biol. v.5 A preliminary report on the development, growth and survival of laboratory reared larvae of the grey mulletMugil cephalus Kuo, C. M.;Z. H. Shehadeh;K. K. Milisen
  18. Marine Biology v.5 Feeding, growth and survival of Engraulis mordax larvae reared in the laboratory Lasker, R.;H. M. Feder;G. H. Theilacker;R. C. May
  19. Micronesica v.10 Rearing and larval development of Siganus canaliculatus (Park) (Pisces : Siganidae) May, R. C.;D. Popper;J. P. Mcvey
  20. Spec. Publ., No. 1.American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Ontogeny and systematics of fishes Moser, H. G.(ed.);W. J. Richards(ed.);D. M. Cohen(ed.);M. P. Fahay(ed.);A. W. Kendall(ed.);S. L. Richardson(Ed.)
  21. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. v.25 Histological criteria for diagnosing the starving condition in early post yolk sac larvae of the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax Girard O'Connell, C. P.
  22. J. Fish Biol. v.38 Correlations between egg size and egg energetic content within and among biotypes of the genus Poeciliopsis Quattro, J. M.;S. C. Weeks
  23. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi v.55 PNR, histology and morphology of starved pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis larvae Strussmann, C. A.;F. Takashima
  24. J. Fish Biol. v.36 Hepatocyte nuclear size and nutritional condition of starved pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis (Cuvier et Valenciennes) Strussmann, C. A.;F. Takashima
  25. larvae. Fish. Bull. U.S. v.78 Effect of starvation on the gistological and morphological characteristics of jack mackerel, Trachurus symmetricus Theilacker, G. H.
  26. Fish. Bull. U.S. v.84 Starvation-induced mortality of young sea-caught jack mackerel, Trachurus symmetricus, dertermined with histological and morphological methods Theilacker, G. H.
  27. UNESCO IOC Workshop Report v.28 Larval fish diversity, a summary of laboratory and field research. In : Workshop on the effects of environmental variation on the survival of larval pelagic fishes, G. sharp (Rapp) Theilacker, G. H.;K. Dorsey
  28. Lipids v.20 Fatty acid composition of phospholipids and neutral lipids during embryonic and early larval development in Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus L. Tochler, D. R.;A. J. Fraser;J. R. Sargent;J. C. Gamble
  29. Jap. J. Ichthyol. v.21 On the histological structure and function of digestive organs of the fed and starved larvae of the yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiaa Umeda, S.;A. Ochiai
  30. Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters v.27 Rearing and spawning siganids (Pisces : Teleostei) in a closed sea water system Westernhagen, H. V.;H. Rosenthal
  31. Bull. Soc. Sci. Fish. v.46 Conversion of linolenic acid to n3-highly unsaturated fatty acids in marine fishes and rainbow trout Yamada, K. K. Kobayahi;Y. Yone
  32. 수진사업보고 v.115 붉바리 種苗生産 技術開發試驗 朴 勝;高泰昇
  33. 1995년도 남수연수사업보고 붉바리 종묘생산 기술개발시험 卞淳圭;秋 淸
  34. 수진사업보고 v.114 붉바리 種苗生産 技術開發試驗 李昌奎;金相根
  35. 日水誌 v.36 no.4 魚類仔魚期の口徑に 關する硏究 代田昭彦
  36. 東海水年報 v.62 マサバの發育初期における形態 · 生態ならびに資源變動に關する硏究 渡部泰輔
  37. 裁培技硏 v.19 日本裁培漁業協會玉野事業場における最近のキヅハタ種苗生産の增大と問題點について 福永恭平;野欣上也;吉田儀弘;浜崎活辛;丸山敬悟
  38. 南西水硏報 v.40 初期の飢餓がマダイ仔魚の生殘り, 成長および發育に及ぼす影響について 福 原
  39. 香水試報 v.21 渦鞭毛鳥類 Dinopceae 2種のキジハタ Epinephelus akaara (TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL) 仔魚ヘの投餌校果 萱本俊策;吉松定昭
  40. 水産の硏究(49) v.9 no.6 裁培漁業と新養成技術 - キジハタ種苗生産 野上欣也;福永恭平
  41. 岡山水試報 v.3 キヅハタ仔維魚の口器の發達と攝餌 萱野泰久
  42. 岡山水試報 v.1 大型水槽を用いたキヅハタ仔維魚の飼育 萱野泰久;尾田 正
  43. 岡山水試報 v.4 キヅハタの卵發生及びふ化仔魚の發育に及ぼす水溫の影響 萱野泰久;尾田 正
  44. 岡山水試報 v.10 キジハタの種苗生産 萱野泰久;水戶 鼓
  45. 水産增殖 v.30 no.4 小形シオミズツワムシお用いたシロギスの種苗生産 塚島康生;吉田範秋;北島 力;松村淸治