Lung Preservation Study for Above 20 Hours of LPDG Solution in Canine Lung Allotransplactation

폐이식 실험견에서 LPDG용액을 이용한 20시간 이상 폐보존효과 관찰

  • 박창권 (계명대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 권건영 (계명대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 계명대학교 의과대학 병리학교실) ;
  • 유영선
  • Published : 1997.10.01

Abstract

Background. Limited ischemic tolerance of the lung has remained one of the factors that limits the expansion of pulmonary transplantation as a treatment for end-stage pulmonary disease. Numerous studies on safe long term preservation for lung transplantation has been performed for the purpose of developing ideal preservation solution with extracellular type or intracellular type solutions. In this. study, we examined the efficacy of L DG solution in lung preservation longer than 20 hours by comparison with modified Euro-Collins solution. Iwethods. Thirty-(our adult mongrel dogs were divided into two groups. Donor lungs were flushed with LPDG solution(n=9) or modified Euro-Collins(MEC) solution(n=8) and stored for 24 hours at 1$0^{\circ}C$. All donor lungs were perfused through the pulmonary arteries with solutions containing prostaglandin El and verapamil. Left canine lung allotransplantations wereperformed. Assessment(hemodynamic indices and arterial blood gas analysis) of left implanted lung was made by occluding the right pulmonary artery for ten minutes using pulmonary artery Cuff. Assessment was repeated at the interval of 30 minutes, one hour, and two hours later after reperfusion and then chest X-ray, computed tomogram and lung perfusion scan were obtained. In survival dogs follow-up studies were done with assessment with chest X-ray, computed tomogram of the chest and lung perfusion scan on 7th day postoperatively. After preservation above 20 hours, pathological examinations for ultrastructural findings on right lung were performed in each group. Results. With respect to arterial oxygen tension, LPDG group was superior to MEC but there was no statistical significance for 2 hours after reperfusion. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was less increased(p < 0.05) and cardiac output higher(p <0.05) than MEC group until 2 hours after reperfusion. After 2 hours of reperfusion, both groups showed transplanted lung function deteriorated gradually. Perfusion scan of the transplanted lung in LPDG group showed better perfusion rate in immediate post-reperfusion, 3 days and 7 days later respectively but there was no statistical significance and corelation with PaO2 and computed tomoRravhic views. In scanning electron microscopy of pulmonary artery after preservation, LPDG group relatively shows less irregular protrusion of the inner surface of endothelial cell of poulmonary artery than MEC group. Conclusions, e concluded that LPDG solution can offer safe lung preservation above 20 hours with adequate immunosuppressive therapy and prevention of the infection.

연구배경. 폐이식 분야에서 이식받아야 할 공여폐의 부족은 많은 문제점으로 되어 있다. 따라서 이상적인 폐관류-보존액인 세포내액성 용액이나 세포외액성 용액의 개발을 위하여 안전하고 장기간의 폐보존이 가능 한 많은 동물실험 연구가 시행되어 지고 있다. 연구자들은 세포외액성 용액인 LPDG용액을 이용하여 20시간 이상 폐보존의 효과를 연구하기 위하여 대조군으로 세포내액성 용액인 modified Euro-Collins(MEQ용액을 사 용하였다. 방법. 실험은 평균 20 Kg 이상의 한국산 잡종견 34마리를 구하여 17마리씩 공여견과 수용 견으로 암수 구 분없이 나누어 LPDG-꽁액군이 9례 MEC용액군이 8례로써 좌측 일측폐이식술을 시행하였다. 공여폐의 보존은 1$0^{\circ}C$에서 20시간 이상 저장하였으며 각 폐관류-보존용액에 prostaglandinEl(PGEI)을 공여폐획득시에 례동맥을 통해 주입하였다. 이식폐기능의 평가는 이식폐의 재관류후에 30분, 1시간, 2시간후 그리고 술후 3일째와 7일 째 폐동맥 clef를 이용하여 혈역동학적 검사와 동맥혈액가스분석을 시행하였다. 또한 재관류 3시간후와 술후 3일, 7일째에 단순흉부 X-선 촬영, 전산화 흉부 단층촬영 및 99mTc폐관류 스캔\ulcorner 실시하였다. 전 례에서 부검 을 실시하여 병리조직학적 소견을 얻었으며 20시간 이상 폐보존후에 각 용액별 전자현미경적 폐포구조와 폐 동맥내피세포의 소견을 비교하여 보았다. 결과 이식폐의 동맥혈가스분석에서 동맥혈산소분압은 두 용액 모두에서 재관류직후 현저히 감소되었으나 재관류 2시간까지 서서히 회복이 되었으며 이는 LPDG군에서 더 증가되었으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다. 재 관류 1시간후 MEC군이 LPDG군보다 평균폐동맥압이 상승하였고(p<0.05) 재관류 1시간과 2시간에서 LPDG군 이 심박출량이 더 높았다똘<0.05). 그리고 케혈관저항도는 양군 모두 재관류 2시간까지는 감소되거나 큰 변 화가 없다가 3일과 7일까지 점차 상승되었다. 전산화 흉부단층촬영에서 LPDG군이 MEC군보다 폐음영이 재 관류직후와 술후 3일, 7일째에 비교적 나쁘게 나왔으며 폐관류 스캔에서는 재관류직후, 3일후 및 7일후에서 LPDG군이 상대적으로 높게 나왔으나 전반적으로 감소되었으며 통계적 유의성은 얼었다. 병리조직검사에서 양 군모두 82%에서 이식폐의 폐렴소견이 있었고 MEC에서 8례에서 염증소견과 그중 5례는 이식폐치 부전소 견을 보였으며 20시간 이상 폐보존후 \ulcorner자현미경검사에서 양군에서 경증의 폐동맥내피세포의 부종과 불규칙 한 돌출이 관찰되었다. 내피세포의 불규칙한 돌출은 MEC군에서 더 심하게 관찰되었다. 결론: 두 용액 모두에서 재관류직후 폐기능은 급격히 감소하였으나 2시간까지 LPDG용액은 MEC용액보다 비교적 나은 회복을 보였고 재관류 3일과 7일의 폐기능 평가에서 두 용액 모두에서 폐기능의 점차적 소실을 보였으며 이는 병리조직검사에서 보듯이 폐혐에 의한 외적인 요소라고 생각되며 따라서 LPDG용액은 허혈재관류손상 방지 및 급성폐렴 등 염증을 잘 관리한다면 20시간 이상 LPDG용액의 안전한 폐보존의 가능성 을 얻을 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg v.105 A clinical trial of University of Wisconsin solution for pulmonary preservation Hardesty RL;Aeba R;Armitage JM;Kormos RL;Griffith BA
  2. Transplant Proc v.23 Current status of lung transplantation Cooper JD
  3. Transplantation v.49 The superiority of an extracellular fluid solution over Euro-Collins solution for pulmonary preservation Yamazaki F;Yokomise S;Schreinemakers H(et al)
  4. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg v.103 no.1 Comparison of the University of Wisconsin preservation solution and other crystalloid perfusates using a 30 hour rabbit preservation model Miyoshi S;Shimokawa S;Schreinemakers H(et al)
  5. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg v.103 In a canine model, lung preservation at 10℃ is superior to that at 4℃. A comparison of two preservation temperatures on lung function and on adenosine triphosphate level measured by phosphate-31 nuclear magnetic resonance Date H;Lima O;Matsumura A(et al)
  6. J Heart Transplant v.5 Successful six-hour cardiopulmonary preservation with simple hypothermic crystalloid flush Starkey TD;Sakakibara N;Hagberg RC(et al)
  7. J Heart Transplant v.5 Flush perfusion using Euro-Collins solution vs cooling by means of extracorporeal circulation in heart-lung preservation Wahlers T;Haverich A;Fieguth HG(et al)
  8. Transplant v.35 Prostaglandin as an effective antirejection therapy in rat renal allograft recipients Strom TB;Carpentier CB
  9. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg v.101 Influence of intraalveolar oxygen concentration on lung preservation in a rabbit model Weder W;Harper B;Shimokawa S(et al)
  10. Transplantation v.59 no.11 A new concept for successful long-term pulmnary preservation in a dog model Wagner FM;Jamieson SW;Fung J
  11. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg v.98 Are temperature attained by donor hearts during transport too cold? Hendry PJ;Walley VM;Koshal A(et al)
  12. Transplant Proc v.25 no.2 Successful 24-hour preservation of canine lungs for allotrasplantation using verapamil Matsushima S;Montefusco CM;Shoji T(et al)
  13. Am J Pathol v.102 The role of calcium in the ischemic myocardium Nayler WG
  14. J Vasc Surg v.2 Protection of the kidney after temporary ischemia:free radical scavengers Quriel K;Smedira NG;Ricotta JJ(et al)
  15. Transplant Proc v.19 Successful 48-hour simple hypothermic preservation of canine lung tansplants Fujimura S;Handa M;Kondo T(et al)
  16. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg v.98 A method for safe twelve-hour pulmonary preservation Keshavjee SH;Yamazaki F;Cardoso PF(et al)
  17. Ann Thorac Surg v.52 High potassium contents in organ preservation solutions cause strong pulmonary vasoconstriction Kimblad PO;Sjoberg T;Massa G;Solem J-O;Steen S
  18. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg v.103 Heomodynamic alterations after staged and simultaneous bilateral lung autotransplantation Keshavjee SH;Yamazaki F;Yokimise H(et al)
  19. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg v.63 Hemodynamic alterations after staged and simultaneous bilateral lung autotransplantation in dogs Fujimura S;Parmley WW;Tomoda H(et al)
  20. Ann Thorac Surg v.56 Lung preservation with low-ptassium dextran flush in a primate bilateral transplant model Sundaresan S;Lima O;Date H(et al)
  21. J Heart Lung Transplant v.10 Perivascular inflammation in pulmonary infections: implication for the diagnosis of lung rejection Tazelaar HD
  22. Chest v.102 The role of transbronchial lung biopsy in the treatment of lung transplant recipients. an analysis of 200 consecutive procedures Trulock EP;Ettinger NA;Brunt EM(et al)
  23. Transplantation Proceedings v.26 High-resolution computed tomography: a valuable method to diagnose early rejection after single lung transplantation in pigs Ikonen T;Kivisaari L;Taskinen E(et al)
  24. J Heart Transplant v.4 Twenty years of lung preservation-a review Haverich A;Scott WC;Jamieson SW
  25. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg v.72 Effective preservation and transportation of lung transplants Veith FJ;Crane R;Torres M(et al)
  26. 대흉외지 v.28 일측폐이식실험견에서 이식폐의 기능평가 연구 박창권;박원균;권건영;김진모;전석길;이광숙;유영선
  27. Successful canine bilateral single-lung transplantation after 21-hour lung preservation v.59 Date H;Izumi S;Miyade Y(et al)
  28. 대흉외지 v.27 황견에서 좌측폐이식수술 및 우측 폐동맥경찰 수술후 폐동맥압 변환에 관한 연구 이두연;배기만;백효채;박만실;이원영
  29. J Kor Med Science v.8 no.3 Early allograft function in canine single lung transplant Sohn KH;Song MG;Lee JM(et al)
  30. Ann Thorac Surg v.61 ET-Kyoto solution for 48-hour canine lung preservation Wada H;Fukuse T;Nakamura T(et al)