Acoustic Target Strength of the Pelagic Fish in the Southern Waters of Korea I. In situ Measurement of Target Strength of Anchovy (Engraulis japonica)

한국 남해안 부어류의 음향반사강도에 관한 연구 I. 멸치 (Engraulis japonica)의 in situ 반사강도 측정

The in situ target strength for the anchovy (Engraulis japonica) were measured by the split beam echo sounder system at 38 kHz. This study allowed us to detect the single echos from anchovy shoals which were dispersed during trawling operation in day time. The results of our study were as fellows: We found that the anchouy occupied about $95\%$ of the total catch from the detected shoals from which target strength data were collected. Length distribution of anchovy showed a mode and ranged from 13.6 to 15.4cm with a mean of 14.4cm and a standard deviation of 0.45cm, and weight distribution showed a mode and ranged from 16 to 28 g witha mean of 21.9 g and a standard deviation of 2.7 g. The target strength distribution of anchovy ranged from -40.7 dB to -69.2 dB in the water layer of ,$10\~30\;m$ -42.19 to -67.7 dB in the $30\~50\;m$ and -42.2 to -67.7 dB in $10\~50\;m$, showing 2 modes in each layer, respectively. Overall mean target strengths were -49.7 dB/fish and -33.1 dB/kg, averaged by area backscattering cross section $(\sigma)$, and the confidence interval for target strength was less than 1 dB. With the mean total length and the mean target strength, we drived the target strength-length relationship as $TS(\sigma)=20\;Log\;L-72.9$.

우리나라 연안에 분포되어 있는 주요 어업대상어종의 자원량을 측정하기 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 남해동부연안에 분포하는 멸치어군을 대상으로 Split beam 어군탐지기를 이용하여 in situ TS를 측정한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 본 조사에서 어획물의 $95\%$가 멸치였으며, 그 체장빈도 분포는 체장범위 $13.6\~15.4cm$, 평균체장 14.4cm이었고, 체중빈도 분포는 체중범위 $16\~28g$ 평균체중 21.9 g이었다. 2. 멸치의 반사강도는 수심 $10\~30m$ 에서 $-40.7\~-69.2dB,\;30\~50m$, 수층에서 $-42.2\~-67.7dB,\;10\~50m$ 수층에서 $-42.2\~-67.7dB$의 범위였고, 그 빈도분포에는 2개의 mode가 명확하게 분리되어 나타났다. 3. 멸치의 평균반사강도는 -49.7 dB/fish 및 -33.1 dB/kg 이었으며, $90\%$ 신뢰구간은 1 dB 이하였다. 또한, 멸치의 반사강도 (TS)와 체장 (cm)과의 관계는 다음과 같았다. TS=20 log L-72.9.