대한지리학회지 (Journal of the Korean Geographical Society)

대한지리학회 (The Korean Geographical Society)
권호 표지

미국 남부지역의 도시화로 인한 강수변화 연구에 대한 경향면 분석의 적용

Application of trend surface analysis(TSA) to a precipitation modification study over urban areas in the southern United States of America

  • Choi, Young Eun (Doctoral student, Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University) ;
  • Henderson, Keith G. (Assistant professor, Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University) ;
  • 발행 : 1995.12.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

미국 남서부 지역의 5개 도시 즉 텍사스 주의 Houston, Dallas 및 San Antonio, 루이지애나주의 New Orleans 그리고 테네시주의 Memphis에서 강수의 자연적 경향과 강수에 미치는 도시의 영향을 파악하기 위하여 경향면 분석 (Trend surface analysis, TSA)을 시도하였다. 분석기간은 1961년부터 1990년까지 3O 년간이다. 사용한 자료는 월강수량, 계절강수량 그리고 연강수량이다. Houston을 제외한 4개 도시에서는 겨울철과 봄철에 비하여 여름철과 가을철에 보다 큰 경향값을 보였다. 월별 분 석에서는 11월부터 3월까지 기간에 4월부터 10월까지 기간에 보다 현저한 경향을 나타냈다. 자연적 강수의 변동을 제거한 후의 잔차도를 보면, Houston, Dallas, San Antonio등지에서 는 여름철에 도시와 풍하지역에서 양의 잔차값을 보이고 있는데 이러한 현상은 다른 계절에 비하여 여름철에 도시의 영향으로 인한 강수가 더 많아지고 있음을 의미하는 것이다. Memphis와 New Orleans의 여름철 잔차도에서는 도시의 영향에 기인하는 강수의 현저한 증가를 발견할 수 없었다. New Orleans의 6월과 Memphis의 7월 잔차도에서는 도시에서는 양의 값을 보였으나 다른 도시에 비해 그 규모가 크지 않았다.

Trend surface analysis (TSA) was selected to estimate a natural trend in precipitation and to examine urban influences on precipitation over five urban areas (Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio, TX; New Orleans, LA; and Memphis, TN) in the southern United States. TSA was applied to monthly, seasonal and annual normal precipitation data for the period of 1961-1990. Winter and spring have more trends than summer and fall and the period of November through March have more marked trends than the period of April through October in all study areas except the Houston area. Residual maps for Houston, Dallas and San Antonio have positive residuals in the city and downwind during summer indicating that urban effects on precipitation enhancement in these areas do exist during these seasons after eliminating the natural precipitation variations. Summer residual maps for New Orleans and Memphis have no distinct precipitation increases due to urban effects. The June residual map in New Orleans and the July residual map in Memphis have positive values in the city, but the magnitude of values is smaller than other cities.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Synoptic climatology: Methods and Applications Barry,R.G.;Perry,A.H.
  2. Conferences on Hydrometeorology(Tulsa) Extreme rainfall events in Louisiana : the New Orleans Type Belville,J.D.;Stewart,N.O.
  3. Bull. Amer. Meteo. Soc. v.49 The La Porte weather anomaly-fact or fiction? Changnon,S.A.Jr.
  4. Journal of Applied Meteorology v.17 Urban effects on severe local storms at St. Louis Changnon,Jr.,S.A.
  5. Bulletin of the American Meteorlogy Society v.61 More on the La Porte Anomaly: A Review Changnon, Jr.,S.A.
  6. Journal of Applied Meteorology v.19 Evidence of urban and lake influences on precipitation in the Chicago area Changnon,Jr.,S.A.
  7. Professional Geography v.4 no.2 Urban and the lake effects on summer rainfall in the Chicago area Changnon,Jr.,S.A.
  8. Statistical Methods for Geographer Clark,W.A.V.;Hosking,P.L.
  9. General Climatology Critchfield,H.
  10. Journal of Applied Meteorology v.15 Possible urban effects on maximum daily rainfall at Paris, St. Louis, and Chicago Dettwiller,J.;Changnon,Jr.,S.A.
  11. Climatic Change v.11 Advertent/inadvertent changes in the spatial distribution of rainfall in the central coastal plain of Israel Goldreich,Y.
  12. 6th Conference on Applied Climatology Application of Discormat Technique to assess the influence of urbanization on rainfall distribution Goldreich,Y.;Gadoth,G.
  13. Natural Weather Digest v.19 no.2 An evaluation of urban-enhanced extreme 24-hour rainfall in the New Orleans area Faiers,G.F.
  14. Journal of Applied Meteorology v.14 no.9 Selected causes of convective precipitation caused by the metropolitan area of Washington, D.C. Harnack,R.P.;Landsberg,H.E.
  15. Wather Resources Bull., 1871-1991 Temporal fluctuations of heavy rainfall magnititude in New Orleans, Louisiana, 1871-1991 Keim, Barry D.;Robert A. Muller
  16. Journal of Applied Meteorology v.12 no.3 Rainfall variations in an urban industrial region Khemani,L.T.;Ramana Murty,B.H.V.
  17. Journal of Applied Meteorology v.16 no.2 Empirical estimation of urban effects on climate Lowry,W.P.
  18. The Climate of the Earth Lydolph,P.E.
  19. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society v.60 no.2 Synoptic and meso scale aspect of flash flood events Maddox,R.A.;Chappel,C.F.;Hoxit,L.R.
  20. The Third Conference on Probability and Statistics in Atmospheric Science A Statistical approach to computed rainfall patterns Schickdanz, Paul T.
  21. Journal of Applied Meteorology v.13 Inadvertent rain modification as indicated by surface raincells Schickdanz, Paul T.
  22. The Earths Problem Climate Trewartha,G.T.
  23. Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography no.5 An introduction to trend surface analysis Unwin,D.
  24. Journal of Applied Meteorology no.8 Relation between the St. Louis urban precipitation anomaly and synoptic weather factors Vogel,J.L.;F.A.Huff