Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
- Volume 10 Issue 1
- /
- Pages.97-123
- /
- 1994
- /
- 2234-6953(pISSN)
- /
- 2234-8190(eISSN)
History of Biology Education in Korea During the Periord of 1880-1945
1880-1945 년간의 한국 생물교육의 역사
Abstract
The author devided th period of 1876-1945 into three epochs ; the Opening of Ports in 1876 -before the Political Reform in 1894 , the Political Reform- the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910 , and the Epoch of Japanese Colony during 1910-1945. As civilization through including educational reform rised. The modern school system began to be introduced nongovernmentally and governmentally to Korea in the 1880's without any school laws. Were chronologycally established school regulation by Korea Government in 1895-1893, school laws by Korean Government under the supervision of the Japanese Residency-General of Korea in 1906-1910, and the educational laws of Korea by the Japanese Government-General of Korea in 1911-1943. In these epochs, the numbers of elementary , secondary and higher educational institutions and the numbers of pupils and students had increased slowly. Japanese had developed sonwhat primary education and secondary technical education, but it had checked extremely the Korean peoples to receive secondary liberal education and higher education, On the epoch of Japanese colony, Japanese occupied nearly half of elementary school teachers, almost of public secondary school teachers educated in Japan, and nearly all of professor educated in Japan in public and national colleges which were technical, and in one imperial university . Forty or more Korean teachers taught natural history chief at private secondary schools for Koreans , more than half of them being graduates of colleges of agriculture and forestry in Korea and Japan. The author mentioned curricula , and subjects and textbooks connected with biology of elementary, secondary and higher educational institutions. The pup8ls and students received biological knowledge through learning sciences at primary schools ; natural history (plants, animals and minerals ) at secondary schools including normal schools ; botany, zoology, genetics and major subjects related with biology such as anatomy, physiology, bacteriology, pland breeding at medical colleges and colleges of agriculture and forestry. There were no departments of biology , botany or zoology in Korea. Only seven Koreas graduated from departments of biology, botany or zoology at imperial universities in Japan. Some of them played the leading parts to develop education and researches of biology in the universities after 1945 Liberation.
1. 시대 구분을 크게 개항 이후 갑오경장 이전(1876-1894), 갑오경장 내지 한일합방 이전(1894-1910), 일제식민지시대(1910-1945)로 하여, 시대에 따른 교육관련 법령 및 시행령의 변천과 각급 교육기관의 증설 및 학생수의 증가 상태를 보았다. 2. 갑오경장이전에는 뚜렷한 교육관계 법령이 없었다. 을사조약 후인 1906년에 관립한성사범학교교원임시양성과 규칙, 사범학교령, 고등학교령, 보통학교령, 농상공부소관농림학교규칙이, 이어서 고등여학교령(1908), 사립학교령(1908), 실업학교령(1909)이 공포되었다. 1910-1945년간에는 1911년에 조선교육령이 공포된 후 제2차(1922).제3차(1938).제4차(1943) 교육령이 제정되었다. 일제는 보다 휴율적인 식미지 수탈을 위한 "황국신민화교육"을 교육령의 개정으로 가속햇다. 3. 일제는 각종 교육령에 따라 초등교육기관과 실업교육기관은 그런대로 확장해왔었으나, 고등보통교육(중등교육)과 전문.대학 교육기관의 확장을 외면하고, 한국인이 고등교육을 받는 것을 억제하였다. 예컨대 초등교육기관(보통학교