물벼룩과 형광성 박테리아를 이용한 합성세제의 급성독성평가

Acute Toxicity on Daphnia magna and Photobacterium phosphoreum for synthetic Detergents

  • 김태영 ((주)도화기술개발공사 수도부) ;
  • 채수권 (서울보건전문대학 환경관리과) ;
  • 김건흥 (인하대학교 토목공학과)
  • 발행 : 1994.03.01

초록

생활수준이 향상됨에 따라 세제의 사용량이 큰 폭으로 증가하고 있으며, 하수처리공정에서 완전히 처리되지 못한 합성세제가 하천이나 강으로 흘러들어 지표수의 오염을 가중시키고 있다. 이와같은 세제는 수중생물에 해로운 여러 독성물질을 함유하고 있으며, 현재까지는 주로 화학적 분석에 의하여 그 독성을 측정하고 있다. 그러나 오염물질 상호간의 작용 등으로 화학분석만으로 적정기간동안에 독성을 평가하는 것은 상당히 어려운 실정인 바, 본 논문에서는 물벼룩인 Daphnia magna와 형광성 박테리아인 Photobacterium phosphoreum을 이용하여 생물학적으로 주방용 세제와 의류용 세제의 급성 독성을 평가하였다. 본 평가에 사용된 세제는 세탁용 세제와 주방용 세제로 구분하여 국내 사용량이 가장 많은 7종류를 선택하였으며, 조사결과 세탁용 세제의 평균 24hr, 48hr-LC50은 각각 4.25%, 2.50%이며, 주방용 세제의 평균 24hr, 48hr-LC50은 각각 2.01%, 1.36%이었다. 또한 세탁용 세제의 평균 5min, 15min-EC50은 각각 1.83%, 1.02%이며, 주방용 세제의 평균 5min, 15min-EC50은 각각 1.57%, 1.21% 이었다. 이를 통하여 국내에서 사용되는 합성세제중 주방용 세제가 세탁용 세제보다 지속적 독성이 큰 것을 알 수 있었으며 세제마다 독성의 정도가 차이가 있었다.

As the standard of living improves, the amount of synthetic detergent consumption greatly increases. Detergents which are not treated in the sewer treatment processes, flow into rivers or waterstreams and accelerate the pollution of the surface water resources. Detergents contain lots of toxicants. And it is difficult to evaluate gross toxicity of each toxicant in thereceiving water. In the study, the acute toxicity of the synthetic detergents for home laundering and kitchen use were monitored with daphnia magna and photobacterium phosphoreum. Seven kinds of detergents were tested to evaluate the acute toxicity. The mean 24hr, 48hr-LC50 of the synthetic detergent for home laundering were 4.25%, 2.50% and these for kitchen use were 2.01%, 1.36% respectively. And the mean 5min, 15min-EC50 of the synthetic detergent for home laundering were 1.83%, 1.02%.

키워드

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