Influence of Fertilizer Levels and Cultivated Regions on Morphological Characteristics of Rice Grains

시비수준(施肥水準) 및 재배지역(栽培地域)이 쌀의 형태적(形態的) 특성(特性)에 미치는 영향(影響)

This study was investigated on the morphological characteristics of rice grain as affected by three fertilizer application treatments. Of no-nitrogen, optimum nitrogen, and heavy nitrogen without potassium in three regions of Suweon (Mid-West Plain Zone), Ichon(Mid-Inland Plain Zone), and Kyehwado(South-charyung Mts. Plain Zone) with four varieties, i.e., three Tonsil types(Geumgangbyeo, Milyang 23, and Chilseongbyeo) and one japonica type(Chucheongbyeo, Akibare in Japanese name). The results obtained were as follows: The increase of nitrogen application caused an increase of grain length in rough rice and grain width in milled rice, resulting in a decrease of the width/thickness ratio in milled rice. The width and thickness of rice grain produced in Kyehwado were smaller than those in the other regions. Therefore, the ratio of length/width and length/thickness in rice grain produced in Kyehwado was larger. The one thousand grain weight of rice was heavier at the optimum nitrogen level than at the no-nitrogen and heavy nitrogen without potassium treatment levels. The weight percentage of hull in rough rice grain decreased in accordance with the increase of nitrogen application, while the weight percentage of bran in brown rice was constant. This suggested that for the normal development of rice grain a constant ratio of bran is needed. The morphological change of rice grain by fertilizer treatments and the change of region cultivated could not be distinguished from the native characteristics of the variety. Other grain characteristics were discussed in view of treatment and regional effects.

벼 4 품종(品種)(금강(錦江)벼, 밀양(密陽) 23호(號), 추청벼, 칠성(七星)벼)을 무질소구(無窒素區), 질소적량구(窒素適量區), 다질소무가리구(多窒素無加里區) 등(等) 3 수준(水準)의 시비처리(施肥處理)로 수원(水原)(중서부(中西部) 평야지대(平野地帶)), 이천(利川)(중부(中部) 내륙지대(內陸地帶)) 및 계화도(界火島)(부안군(扶安郡), 차령남부(車領南部) 평야지대(平野地帶))에서 재배(栽培)하여 수확(收穫)한 벼를 조제(調劑)하여 얻은 정조(正租), 현미(玄米), 백미(白米)의 형태적(形態的) 특성(特性) 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)하였다. 질소시비증가(窒素施肥增加)는 정조(正租)의 입장(粒長) 증가(增加)와 백미(白米)의 폭(幅)/두께 비(比)를 감소(減少)시켰고 질소(窒素)의 과소(過少), 과다시용(過多施用)은 천립중(千粒重)을 감소(減少)시켰다. 계화도(界火島)에서 생산된 벼의 입폭(粒幅)과 입(粒)두께는 다른 지역(地域)에서 생산된 벼보다 적어서 장(長)/폭(幅) 비(比)나 장(長)/두께 비(比)가 컸다. 무질소(無窒素)와 다질소무가리(多窒素無加里) 처리(處理)는 천립중(千粒重)을 감소(減少)시켰다. 정조(正租)의 왕겨비율(比率)은 질소시비량(窒素施肥量) 증가(增加)에 따라서 감소(減少)한 반면(反面) 현미(玄米)의 쌀겨비율(比率)은 일정(一定)하였다. 이 결과(結果)는 쌀의 정상적(正常的)인 발육(發育)을 위해서 일정비율(一定比率)의 쌀겨층(層)이 필요(必要)함을 암시(暗示)하고 있다.