관개수(灌漑水)에 의한 시비양분(施肥養分)의 토양중(土壤中) 이동(移動)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) 1. 관수량(灌水量)에 따른 양분(養分) 이동(移動)

Movement of Applied Nutrients Through Soils By Irrigation 1. Movement of nutrients to the amount of water applied

나지상태(裸地狀態)에서 관수량(灌水量)에 따른 양분(養分)의 수직이동(垂直移動) 양상(樣相)을 구명하기 위하여 본량사양토(本良砂壤土)(Typic Udifluvents)의 작토층(作土層)을 공시토양(供試土壤)으로 하여 microplot(지름 20cm, 길이 85cm)시험(試驗)을 수행하였다. 시비량(施肥量)를 기준으로 하여 각(各) 성분(成分)이 (각(各) 토층(土層)으로 이동(移動)된 양(量))/(시비량(施肥量))${\times}$(시비지점에서 각(各) 토층(土層) 중심점까지의 거리)의 화(和)를 평균(平均) 이동(移動)거리라 했을때, 평균이동(平均移動)거리는 관수량(灌水量)과 수직적(直線的)인 관계가 있었다. 1 pore volume(piston front 10cm)물의 이동(移動)에 대한 각(各) 성분(成分)의 평균(平均) 이동(移動)거리는(cm)는 Cl, 7.52>무기태(無機態) N, 6.03>K, 3.50>Mg, 2.69>Ca, 1.19>유효인산(有效燐酸), 0.29순이었다. 여러 성분중(成分中) Cl이 가장 활발하게 하향이동(下向移動)되어 물의 piston front 이동(移動)거리의 75%가 되었고, 인산(燐酸)은 거의 이동(移動)되지 않아 물의 piston front 이동(移動)거리의 3%에 불과하였다. 양분이동(養分移動)의 결과 토양 pH는 관수량(灌水量)이 많아질수록 표층(表層)에서 낮아지고 심층(深層)에서 높아지는 경향인데 토양(土壤)깊이별 pH변화는 치환성(置換性) Ca과 Mg보다는 $NH_4-N$의 함량변화와 같은 경향을 보였다.

A field experiment with microplots(D.20cm, L. 85cm) was conducted to obtain quantitative information on the downward movement of nutrients applied to the soils by different amount of irrigation water. The microplots were installed by embedding PVC column(D. 20cm, L. 90cm) filled with sieved soils in the field. Urea, fused and superphosphate, and KCl were broadcasted over the soil in the microplots and surface layer was covered with lime-amended soils. Microplots were removed 1 week after water application and analysed for Cl, $NH_4$ and $NO_3-N$, Bray 1-P and exchangeable cations of Ca, Mg, and K in each segment. Effect of irrigation rate on the movement of these ions were evaluated with the mean downward movement(MDM) determined with nutrient concentration of each segment and the distance to the segment from the site fertilized. For the nutrient studied, MDM was linearly related to the amount of water applied. When one pore volume of water needed for 0.1 bar soil moisture tension was applied, MDM(cm), computed as the piston front of applied water advanced 10cm, was found to be in the order; Cl, 7.52>Inorganic N, 6.03> K, 3.50> Mg, 2.69>Ca, 1.19>P, 0.29. After the downward movement of applied nutrients soil pH seemed to decrease with irrigation in the surface layer(0-15cm) and increase in the subsurface layer. It was also found that ammonium-nitrogen evolved from urea hydrolysis was more effective in raising the subsoil pH rather than the exchangeable Ca and Mg.