발아 옥수수 amylases의 정제 및 특성

Partial Purification and Some Properties of Amylases from Germinating Corn(Zea mays L.)

발아중인 옥수수에서의 전분의 가수분해효소인 amylases의 종류를 규명하고자 황산 암모늄염석법, DEAE-Sephadex A-50을 이 용한 이온교환칼럼법과 Sephadex G-100 Gel filtration chromatography 방법으로 정제하였으며 전분가수분해 효소는 3개의 peak가 나타났으며, 이를 각각 모아서 정제한 결과 각각의 비활성은 70.47(units/mg), 62.98(units/mg), 80.39(units/mg)으로 저단백식품의 하나인 옥수수임에도 불구하고 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이것은 발아중 가수분해되는 전분체내에 이 효소의 작용이 커졌음을 유리당의 양이 증가하였음으로 알 수 있었다. 또한 고속액체 크로마토그라피를 이용하여 분석한 결과 3종류의 amylases중에 amylases(I)은 $\alpha$-amytotetrose의 종류로 밝혀졌으며, amylase(II)와 (III)는 각각, 주로 maltotetrose의 단위로 가수분해하는 전분 분해 효소이나. 서로 생물학적 성격에서 약간씩의 차이를 보이므로 같은 종류는 아닐 것으로 사료되었다.

The purpose of this study was focused on investigation of biochemical properties of amylases in germinating corn(Zea mays L.) the amylase(I), (II) and (III) from germinating corn seeds were partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion exchange column chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The last step was effective for separation of the corn amylases to a homogeneous slate. the purified amylase(I) was identified as a kind of $\alpha$-amylase from the fact that 5％ starch solution was hydrolysed into mainly maltose and maltotetrose by it, and amylase(II) and amylase(III) were enzymes producing maltotetrose as main product. The molecular weight and specific activity of the amylase(I), (II) and (III) were determined to be 54,000 and 70.47 unit/mg, 39,000 and 62.98 unit/mg, and 51,000 and 80.39 unit/mg, respectively. It showed a tendency to increase the amylases activities in presence of Ba, Ca, Co and Fe groups, but inhibits in that of Ag, Sn, Hg and Zn groups, and amylase(I), (II) and (III) remained stable at pH 5-6 and 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 40 days in containing of 1 mM CaCl$_2$. The optimum pH and optimum temperatures were pH 6, pH 5 and pH 6 and 35$^{\circ}C$, 55$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$, respectively. These results suggest that the amylase(I), (II) and (III) were different amylases.