Abstract
These studies were conduced to investigate the effects of temperatures on development of each stage and distribution within tree and overwintering of mulberry scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Tar. & Tozz. Growth ratio of each stage with different temperatures was not significant within range of optimum temperatures of growth. Developmental threshold and effective temperatures of each stage were $12.3^{\circ}C$ and 46.9 degree day in eggs, $10.8^{\circ}C$, and 183.8 degree day in first nymph, $9.8^{\circ}C$ and 188.2 degree day in second nymph, $10.3^{\circ}C$ and 383.0 degree day in gross nymphal stage, respectively. Longevity of female adults were 39.6 days in $18^{\circ}C$, 28.4 days in $22^{\circ}C$, 18.1 days in$26^{\circ}C$, and 15.7 days in$30^{\circ}C$. Average number of eggs in ovary and laid by individual female were 83.3 and 75.7, respectively. Optimum temperatures of growth were $22^{\circ}C$-$26^{\circ}C$ but all the eggs were not hatched at $35^{\circ}C$. Distribution of each stage within tree in summer was great at lower part of branch and overwintering adults was dominantly located in NE-SE followed by SE-SW, SW-NW and NW-NE. Percent mortality due to cold weather was 36.2.
핵과류를 가해하는 깍지벌레중 우점종인 뽕나무깍지벌레에 대한 용도조건이 충 발육 및 수관내분포에 미치는 영향과 월풍과의 관계를 구명하기 위하여 연구한 결과는 다용과 같다. 온도에 따른 각 stage의 성장비는 생육온도 범위의 항온에서는 크게 영향을 미치지 않았으며 각 stage의 발육영점과 유효적산온도는 난이 각각 $12.3^{\circ}C$, 46.9일도, 1령약총 $10.8^{\circ}C$, 183.8 일도, 2령약충 $9.8^{\circ}C$, 188.2일도였으며 총 약충 기간에서는 $10.3^{\circ}C$, 383.0일도이었다. 자성충의 수명은 $18^{\circ}C$, $22^{\circ}C$, $26^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 39.6일, 28.4일, 18.1일, 15.7일이었고 포란수 및 산란수는 각각 83.0개, 75.0개이었다. 또한 각 stage의 생육적온은 22~$26^{\circ}C$ 범위이었으며 $35^{\circ}C$에서는 부화되지 않았다. 여름철에 수관내 충의 밀도는 69.6%로 가지의 하향면에서 가장 높았으며 월동 자성충의 분포비율은 NE-SE변에서 가장 높았고 월동기간중 성충의 사충율은 36.2%이었다.
