Geochemical Studies of Hydrothermal Gold Deposits, Republic of Korea : Yangpyeong-Weonju Area

한반도 열수 금광상의 지화학적 연구 : 양평-원주지역 광화대

  • So, Chil-Sup (Department of Geology, Korea University) ;
  • Choi, Sang-Hoon (Department of Geology, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Kyeong-Yong (Department of Geology, Korea University) ;
  • Shelton, Kevin L. (Department of Geology, University of Missouri)
  • Published : 1989.02.28

Abstract

Electrum-galena-sphalerite mineralization of the Yangpyeong-Weonju Au-Ag area was deposited in three stages of quartz and calcite veins which fill fault breccia zones. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope data show that ore mineralization was deposited at temperatures between $260^{\circ}C$ and $180^{\circ}C$ from fluids with salinities between 8.9 and 2.9 equivalent weight percent NaCl. Evidence of boiling indicates pressures of <50 bars, corresponding to depths of 220 to 550 m, respectively, assuming lithostatic and hydrostatic loads. Au-Ag deposition was likely a result of bolling coupled with cooling. Within stages I and II there is an apparent increase in ${\delta}^{34}S$ values of $H_2S$ with paragenetic time ; early -1.4~2.7‰ to later 6.6-9.2‰. The progressively heavier $H_2S$ values can be generated through isotopic re-equilibration in the ore fluid following removal of $H_2S$ by boiling or precipitation of sulfides. Measured and calculated hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of ore-forming fluids suggest meteoric water dominance, approaching unexchanged meteoric water values. Comparison of these values with those of other Korean Au-Ag deposits reveals a relationship between depth and degree of water-rock interaction. All investigated Korean Jurassic and Cretaceous gold-silver-bearing deposits have fluids which are dominantly evolved, meteoric water, but on1y deeper systems (${\geq}1.25km$) are exclusively gold-rich.

양평-원주지역 광화대에는 원생대 편마암류 내에 NS 단층파쇄대를 충진한 수십개조의 평행한 함 금-은 열수 맥상 광상들이 부존한다. 구조운동에 수반되어 3회에 걸쳐 진행된 열수 광화작용의 시기는 $67.5{\pm}1.6m.y.$이다. 일렉트럼(55.0-60.0wt. % Au)-방연석-섬아연석의 광화정출 작용은, 최대 압력 50기압 하에서, 8.2-2.wt. % NaCl상당 염농도를 갖는 광화유체로부터 $260-180^{\circ}C$에 걸쳐서 비등작용과 함께 냉각작용에 의하여 진행되었다. 비등작용과 유화광물의 침전에 의한 광화유체내 $H_2S$의 감소는 유황동위원소의 re-equilibration을 야기하고 $H_2S$${\delta}^{34}S$값을 광화초기 -1.4-2.7‰에서 후기 6.6-9.2‰로 증가시켰다. 광화작용이 진행됨에 따라 열수유체내의 산소, 수소 안정동위원소의 값은 점점 감소하여 천수의 값에 가까와지는데, 이는 천수의 유입이 점진적으로 중가하였음을 뜻하며, 쥬라기 심부 열수계보다 큰 water-rock interaction의 값을 갖는 백악기 천부 열수 광상들의 값과 일치한다.

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