초록
HZSM-5를 觸媒로 하여 메탄올과 이소부틸렌으로부터 Methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE)의 氣相合成實驗을 하였으며, zeolite 觸媒의 SiO$_2/Al_2O_3$ 比 및 反應條件의 영향을 硏究하였다. 각 觸媒들은 pyridine을 吸着시켜 temperature programmed desorption(TPD) 및 IR法으로 酸點의 세기와 特性을 조사하였으며, 승온탈착실험을 통하여 각 反應物 및 生成物의 吸着特性을 검토하였다. HZSM-5의 SiO$_2/Al_2O_3$比가 증가할수록 强한 酸點의 수는 감소하여 메탄올의 脫水反應은 억제되고 MTBE에 대한 선택도가 증가하였다. MTBE에 대한 전환율과 선택도는 $i-C_4H_8$의 細孔內 확산저항에 의하여 큰 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. MTBE合成反應은 發熱的이어서, 전반적으로 80$^{\circ}$C의 반응온도가 合成에 적합하였다. 한편 각 觸媒上에 生成된 coke의 特性을 TG, DTA 및 IR spectrum으로 측정하였다. 침착된 coke의 量은 HY > H-Mordenite > HZSM-5順이었으며, H-Mordenite에 있어서는 누적된 coke의 양이 HZSM-5보다 현저하지는 않았으나, 細孔의 配向이 1方向性이므로 반응시간이 길어짐에 따라 심한 活性減退가 일어났다. HY는 큰 細孔을 가지고 있어 M$i-C_4H_8$의 重合이 쉽게 일어났으며, HZSM-5에 비하여 많은 coke의 참착과 빠른 活性減退를 나타내었다.
Methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE) was synthesized from vapor phase reaction of methanol with iso-butylene over HZSM-5 catalysts, and effects of SiO$_2/Al_2O_3$ ratio in the HZSM-5 catalysts and reaction conditions on products distribution have been examined. Acid strength and acid type of each catalyst with different SiO$_2/Al_2O_3$ ratio were measured using pyridine adsorption followed by temperature programmed desorption(TPD) and IR analysis. Reactants and products adsorption characteristics on different acid sites have also been examined. As the SiO$_2/Al_2O_3$ ratio of HZSM-5 catalyst was increased, selectivity to MTBE was improved as a result of decrease in dimethylether(DME) formation at the strong acid sites. Conversion and selectivity to MTBE were also greatly enhanced as $i-C_4H_8/CH_3OH$ reactant ratio was increased, and overall about 80$^{\circ}$C was adequate for the MTBE synthesis. The properties of deposited coke on spent catalysts were examined by TG, DTA and IR spectrum analysis, indicating the amount of the coke deposit in the order of HY > H-Mordenite > HZSM-5. Even if the coke deposited on H-Mordenite was little more in amount than to that on HZSM-5, the former deactivated quickly due to its non-interconnected channel structure. For HY, owing to its lange pore size, significant $i-C_4H_8$ polymerization was occured, and rapid deactivation and severe coke formation has resulted within few hours.
