The Uptake of $Sr^{90}$ by Paddy Rice from Soil and its Distribution in the Plant

답토양(畓土壤)에서 수도(水稻)의 Strontium-90 흡수(吸收)와 수도체내(水稻體內) 분포(分布)

Because of the drastic development of nuclear industries, the contamination of natural environments by the disposal of radioactive materials which are released from nuclear facilities have aroused a considerable concern in relation to agricultural practices. Therefore the present investigation, through pot experiment, was performed to find out the aspect of the uptake of $Sr^{90}$ by rice plants and its distribution in them in five different types(physicochemical and minerallogical properties) of paddy soils. The results obtained were as follows; 1) Visual toxic symptoms on the growth of rice plant due to treatment of $Sr^{90}$ up to $40{\mu}Ci/10㎏$ in a pot were not observed even though uptake of $Sr^{90}$ by rice plant was proportionally increased with the $Sr^{90}$ treatment. 2) Distribution of $Sr^{90}$ in the rice plant was the highest in the leaves (84.5%) followed in the order by stems (13.5%) and rough grain (2.0%). The ratio of $Sr^{90}$ to Ca was higher in the leaves (872) and stems (667) than in the rice grain (89). 3) $Sr^{90}$ absorption in the rice plant ranged $0.15{\sim}0.30%$ at harvesting time. Uptake of $Sr^{90}$ by rice plants decreased by the increase of soil pH and exchangeable canons in the soils, but $Sr^{90}$ uptake increased when nitrogen, organic matter and clay content in soil was high, and uptake of this nuclide in the rice plant was higher with low Illite and Vermiculite content in the soils.

원자력산업(原子力産業)의 발달(發達)에 따라서 이들 시설(施設)로부터 방출(放出)될 수 있는 방사성물질(放射性物質)에 의한 환경오염(環境汚染)과 방사성폐기물처리(放射性廢棄物處理), 처분에 관한 문제가 야기되고 있으며 농업환경(農業環境)에서는 특히 반감기(半減期)가 긴 핵종(核種)의 토양(土壤), 식물계(植物系)를 통한 인체(人體)로의 이행경로(移行經路)가 매우 중요하다 따라서 본 연구는 답토양(畓土壤)의 이화학적특성(理化學的特性)과 점토광물(粘土鑛物)등을 고려하여 국내(國內)에 분포(分布)된 5개 토양통(土壤統)을 선정하여 $Sr^{90}$을 처리(處理)한후 pot 재배(栽培)로 수도체내(水稻體內)의 흡수(吸收)와 분포(分布)를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) $Sr^{90}$은 처리량에 비례해서 수도체내(水稻體內)에 흡수량(吸收量) 증가(增加)를 보였으나 토양(土壤) 10㎏ 당(當) $40{\mu}Ci$ 처리(處理)하여도 수도(水稻)의 생육장해(生育障害)는 볼 수 없었다. 2) 수도체내(水稻體內) 부위별분포(部位別分布)에서 $Sr^{90}$ 은 잎(84.5%)에서 가장 높았고 줄기(13.5%)와 종실(種實)(2.0%) 순서로 낮은 분포를 보였고 $Sr^{90}/Ca$ 비는 잎(872)과 줄기(667)에서 높고 종실(種實)(89)에서 낮았다. 3) 수도(水稻)의 $Sr^{90}$ 흡수율(吸收率)은 $0.15{\sim}0.30%$ 범위였으며 토양(土壤) pH, 치환성양(置換性陽) ion 함량(含量)의 증가(增加)에 따라서 수도(水稻)에 의한 $Sr^{90}$ 흡수(吸收)는 감소(減少)되었으나, 토양중(土壤中) 질소, 유리물 및 점토함량(粘土含量)의 증가(增加)에 따라서는 흡수(吸收)도 증가(增加)되었고, Illite가 적고 Vermiculite가 많은 토양(土壤)에서 $Sr^{90}$흡수(吸收)가 많았다.