Possibility of Soil Solarization in Korea

한국(韓國)에 있어서 태양열(太陽熱)을 이용(利用)한 토양소독(土壤消毒)의 가능성(可能性)

  • Ki, Kye-Un (Dept. of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Chung (Dept. of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture, Chonnam National University)
  • Published : 1985.09.30

Abstract

This experiment was performed to see the possibility if soil-borne disease in green house can be controlled by soil solarization in Korea. Thermal death profiles of propagules of some soil-borne fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f. lycopersici, Fusarium oxysporum f. niveum, Rhizoctonia salani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Pythium debaryanum, were obtained under the conditions in water-suspension and in soil. Except Pythium debaryanum, all the fungal units in water-suspension that were colonized on barley grains lost a viability within 7 days in water bath at $45^{\circ}C$. When the soil in test tubes in which barley grains infected with the fungi were also buried all the fungi tested including Pythium debaryanum were completely killed within 7 days in water bath at $45^{\circ}C$. From July to August in Korea, soil temperature at depth of 5cm and 15cm within tunnel in plastic house reached $38^{\circ}C\;to\;57^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C\;to\;47^{\circ}\C$, in 1982 and 1983 respectively. Even at 15cm depth, soil temperature were kept over $43^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours a day. Adiabatic material set under ground or under mulching with the transparent polyethylene-film on the soil surface had a boostering effect for higher soil-temperature and longer duration. Fungi buried in adiabatic block of the soil in plastic house were completely killed at 15cm depth 14 days after, and at 20cm depth 21 days after soil solarization. The exposure of the pathogens to fluctuating temperature was much more effective than to constant. From the above results, soil-borne diseases may be effectively controlled by soil solarization in the closed plastic house in hot summer season in Korea.

1. 시설(施設)하우스내(內)에서 피해(被害)가 큰 토양전염성병원균(土壤傳染性病原菌) Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Pythium-debaryanum 6종(種)에 대(對)한 살균(殺菌)에 요(要)하는 처리시간(處理時間)은 $45^{\circ}C$에서 $2{\sim}10$일간(日間), $50^{\circ}C$에서는 4일이내(日以內)이었고 이 중 가장 내성(耐性)이 강한 것은 Fusarium균(菌)과 Pythium균(菌)이었다. 2. 7월(月) 28일(日)${\sim}$8월(月) 18일(日)까지 21일간(日間) house내(內) 일중(日中) 온도변화(溫度變化)는 5cm, 15cm 깊이에서 각각 최고(最高) $57^{\circ}C,\;47^{\circ}C$ 최저(最低) $38^{\circ}C,\;40^{\circ}C$이었고 15cm 깊이에서의 $43^{\circ}C$이상(以上) 지속기간은 12시간정도(時間程度)였다. 3. 턴널은 하우스보다 축열효과(蓄熱效果)가 더 좋았으며 멀칭은 멀칭하지 않은 것보다 $3{\sim}7^{\circ}C$정도(程度)의 승온효과(昇溫效果)가 있었고 단열구(斷熱區)가 무단열구(無斷熱區)보다 $5{\sim}9^{\circ}C$정도(程度) 승온효과(昇溫效果)가 좋았다. 4. 약(約) 60%정도(程度)의 관수(灌水)를 하여준 구(區)에서는 $1{\sim}3^{\circ}C$정도(程度)가 높았다. 5. 매몰병원균(埋沒病原菌)의 살균효과(殺菌效果)는 하우스-턴널-단열구(斷熱區)에서 15cm 깊이까지는 처리(處理) 7일간(日間)에 사멸(死滅)했고 20cm 깊이에서는 Pythium균(菌)과 Fusarium균(菌)을 제외(除外)하고 모두 14일간(日間)에 사멸(死滅)하였다. 6. 최고(最高)에 달(達)했다가 최저(最低)에 이르는 온도(溫度)의 반복적(反復的)인 파동(波動)이 있는 것에서 없는 것보다 단시간(短時間)에 사멸(死滅)하였다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)에서 볼 때 하기고온기(夏期高溫期)의 재배(栽培) 휴한기(休閑期)에 PVC film을 사용(使用)하여 하우스를 밀폐(密閉)하거나 턴널을 만들어서 태양열(太陽熱)을 이용(利用)한 토양소독(土壤消毒)의 가능성(可能性)이 충분(充分)히 있는 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords