Enzymatic Modification of Soy Proteins: Effects of Functional Properties of Soy Isolate upon Proteolytic Hydrolysis

대두단백질(大豆蛋白質)의 효소적(酵素的) 변형(變形) : 분리대두단백질(分離大豆蛋白質)의 기능성(機能性)에 미치는 단백질가수분해(蛋白質加水分解)의 영향(影響)

  • Kang, Yeung-Joo (Department of Food Science and Technology, Cheju National University)
  • 강영주 (제주대학교 식품공학과)
  • Published : 1984.06.30

Abstract

To study affinity of proteolytic enzymes to soy proteins, the physicochemical and functional properties of enzymatically modified protein products, kinetic parameters and degree of hydrolysis were measured using trypsin, alcalase (serine type protease) and pronase. Bacterial alcalase and pronase showed much greater affinity to soy protein than animal intestinal trypsin. This effect was very significant when unheated soy isolate was used as a substrate. Specific activities of these enzymes decreased with the increment of substrate concentration (over 2.0%, w/v) when heat denatured soy protein was used as a substrate. However, the decrease in specific activity was negligible at substrate concentrations lower than 2.0%. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic results showed that the pattern of 2S protein band changed distinctly in alcalase hydrolysis as compared with those of trypsin and pronase. Protein solubilities of alcalase and pronase hydrolyzates increased by 25-30%, at their pI (pH 5.0) over the control. Virtually no change was observed in solubility by trypsin hydrolysis. Heat coagulability and calcium-tolerance of the protein increased by enzymatic hydrolysis. No clear tendency, however, was observed for emulsion properties, foam expansion and the amount of free -SH groups. The enzyme treatment considerably decreased foam stability.

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 분리(分離) 대두단백질(大豆蛋白質)에 단백분해(蛋白分解) 효소(酵素)를 작용(作用)시킬 때 일어나는 효소반응성(酵素反應性) 및 단백질(蛋白質) 기능성(機能性)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하였다. 사용(使用)된 효소(酵素)는 동물성(動物性)인 trypsin과 세균성(細菌性)인 alcalase 및 pronase였으며 열(熱) 처리(處理)되지 않은 대두단백질(大豆蛋白質)에 대(對)하여 trypsin보다 세균성(細菌性) 효소(酵素)가 높은 친화력(親和力)을 나타냈으며 열(熱) 처리(處理)된 대두단백질(大豆蛋白質)에 대(對)하여서는 효소종류(酵素種類)에 관계없이 기질농도(基質濃度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 반응(反應)이 저해(沮害)되었다. 가수분해(加水分解)된 대두단백질(大豆蛋白質)의 전기명동(電氣鳴動) 결과(結果) alcalase가 특이적(特異的)으로 대두단백질(大豆蛋白質) 중(中) 2S 단백질(蛋白質)에 어떤 변화(變化)를 가져오는 것이 관찰되었다. 대두단백질(大豆蛋白質)의 기능성(機能性)에 있어서 효소처리(酵素處理)는 등전점(等電点)에서 $25{\sim}30%$의 가용성(可溶性) 단백질(蛋白質)의 증가(增加)를 가져왔으며 또한 열(熱) 응고성(凝固性)의 증가(增加), 칼슘 침전성(沈澱性)의 감소(減少)를 초래하였다. 그리고 에멀젼 특성(特性), 거품 형성능(形成能) 및 유리(遊離) SH기(基) 등에 대(對)하여서는 큰 변화(變化)가 없었으나 거품 안전성(安全性)은 크게 감소(減少)하는 경향을 보였다.

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