수도의 감수분열기 및 등숙기에 있어서 온도반응에 관한 연구 제1보 수도 indica $\times$ Japonica품종의 감수분열기에 있어서의 저온의 영향

Studies on the Effects of Temperature During the Reduction Division and the Grain Filling Stage in Rice Plants I. Effect of Temperature at the Reduction Division Stage in Indica-Japonica Crosses

수도 Indica$\times$Japonica 품종을 중심으로 유형이 다른 품종을 공시 저온에 민감한 시기를 외적으로 손쉽게 판별할 수 있는 방법과 감수분열기에 있어서 저온의 영향을 구명하고자 phytotron을 이용하여 정밀시험을 시도한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수도생육기간중에서 저온에 가장 민감한 Tetrad phase는 엽이간장이 진흥은 -12cm, IR 36 -3cm 수원 26004 -9cm, 수원 258호 -3cm, 밀양 29호 -6cm, Lengkwang+1cm 였다. 2. 본시험결과 Tetrad phase는 모든 품종에서 내영(palea)의 길이가 최대에 달하는 개화기를 100로 하였을 때의 50-60% 신장되었을 때 나타나고 있었다. 3. 저온에 의한 영화의 퇴화율은 15$^{\circ}C$에서 통일품종 및 인도형품종에서는 대단히 높았으나 Japonica품종(진흥)과 Indica품종(Lengkwang)에서는 비교적 낮었다. 4. 수도감수분열기에 있어서 계속 $15^{\circ}C$로 7일이상 저온처리는 수도의 저온에 한계온도를 넘어서 내냉성의 품종간 차이를 구별하기 어려웠으나 4일간의 저온처리에서는 품종간 차이가 뚜렷하여 불완율이 진흥; 46.8%, IR 36; 67.6% 수원 26004 ; 60.9% 수원 258 ; 60.0% 밀양 29호 ; 62.2%, Lengkang 27.3%였다. 5. 하분모세포의 발육단계의 Tetrad-1st contraction phase에서의 저온은 임실율을 가장 낮게 하였으며 이 시기를 전후로 멀어질수록 임실율은 높아졌다. 6. 내영의 길이는 영화분화에서 개화기까지 직선적으로 신장하였고 엽이간장의 신장과는 정의 상관관계가 인정되었다.

The effect of temperature 'during the reduction division stage on the Indica-Japonica rice varieties were studied in artificial temperature-controlled cabinets (Bioclimatic Laboratory). Varieties used were indica-japonica crosses (Suweon 264, Suweon 258, Milyang 29), indica (IR36, Lengkwang) and japonica rice (Jin-heung). The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows. The most sensitive stage to low temperature, the tetrad stage, was observed in each variety with the following auricle distance: Jinheung, -12cm; IR36, -3cm; Suweon264, -9cm; Suweon258, -3cm; Milyang29, -6cm and Lengkwang, +1cm. The tetrad stage occured when the palea elongation was about 50 to 60% of the final palea length at flowering stage in all varieties. The percentage of degenerated spikelets at tetrad as influenced by low-temperature treatment was very low in Jinheung and Lengkwang, but very high in IR36. In indica-japonica crosses only the 7-days treatments had a very high percentage. Between the 4-day and 7-day treatments as well as among all varieties, clear differences were observed in the low temperature induced sterility of 'special spikelets' (upper position grains at tetrad). In the 7-day treatments except in Lengkwang, all varieties showed very high sterility. It appears that the treatments is over the critical limit for treatment. However in the 4-day treatments, the intervarietal differences in sterility were very clear. In Jinheung, sterility was 46.8%; IR36, 67.6%; Suweon264, 60.9%, Milyang29, 62.2%; Lengkwang, 27.8%. A close relationship was observed between fertility and auricle distance. The lowest fertility of special spikelets was at the tetrad stage and the first contraction phase. Before and after the stage there was an increase in fertility. The palea length elongated nearly in a straight line from the spikelet formation stage to flowering. And there was a high correlation between palea length and auricle distance. distance.