Abstract
The oriental tobacco budmoth, Heliothis assulta Guenee were reared under various temperatures; $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$ and the control effects of Thuricide $HP^{(R)}$ were examined. The results obtained were as fellows: 1. The adult longevity of oriental tobacco budmoth was 11.35 days, and 3.00 days for preovipositional period, 4.75 days for ovipositional Period, and 3.50 days for postovipositional period. 2. The total number of eggs laid by a female were 307 at $20^{\circ}C$, 413 at $25^{\circ}C$ and 189 at $30^{\circ}C$. The number of eggs per female per day were 64.05 in average. 3. The average egg Periods were 7.71 days at $20^{\circ}C$, 4.12 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and 3.58 days at $30^{\circ}C$ and the hatchiabilities were $71.25\%,\;78.49\%\;and\;81.05\%$ at the respective incubation temperatures. 4. The larval developmental periods were 43.51 days at $20^{\circ}C$, 21.79 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and 18.05 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and the mortalities were $80.70\%,\;95.93\%$ and $87.01\%$ at the respective temperatures. 5. The pupal developmental periods were 24.22 days at $20^{\circ}C$, 12.36 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and 11.50 days at $30^{\circ}C$ and the mortalities at the respective temperatures were $18.18\%,\;42.11\%\;and\;40.00\%$. 6. The calculated threshold temperatures for the development were $11.61^{\circ}C$ for the eggs, $11.96^{\circ}C$ for the larvae, and $10.06^{\circ}C$ for the pupae. The estimated total effective temperatures were 60.41 day degrees for e eggs, 319.35 day degrees for the larvae, 222.66 day degrees for the pupae, and overall total effective temperatures, however, would be ranged 640-660 day degrees if the reproductive period of the adult was considered. 7. The relationship between the overall developmental periods and the rearing temperature could be Y=-4.272X+155.39 (r=0.9105), where Y; number of days required to complete the life cycle, X; treated temperatures. 8. The control effects of Thuricide $HP^{(R)}$ were $73.43\%$ for spray and $58.22\%$ for bait applications.
담배나방(Heliothis assulta Guenee)의 발육에 미치는 온도의 영향과 Thuricide $HP^{(R)}$의 효과를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 암컷의 산란전기간은 평균 3.0일($2\~4$일)이었으며 산란기간은 평균 4.75일($4\~5$일)이었고 산란후기간은 평균 3.5일($3\~4$일)로 성충의 수명은 약 11.25일이었다. 2. 일당 산란수 빈도는 60개$\~$80개가 가장 많았으며 각 온도에서 산란수는 $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 307개, 413개, 189개로 $30^{\circ}C$에서 난수가 가장 적었으며 $25^{\circ}C$일 때 난수가 가장 많았다. 일당 산란수는 평균 64.05개 ($14\~172$개)였고 총산란수는 평균 304.25개 ($189\~413$개)였다. 3. 난기간은 $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 평균 7.71일 ($6\~9$일), 4.12일($4\~5$일), 3.58일($3\~5$일)이었고 부화율은 각각 $71.25\%,\;78.49\%,\;81.05\%$로써 $30^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높고 $20^{\circ}C$에서 가장 낮았다. 4. 유충의 전 발육기간은 $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 평균 43.5일, 21.79일, 18.05일을 소요하였고, 유충의 치사율은 $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 $80.70\%,\;85.93\%\;87.01\%$였다. 5. 용 발육기간은 $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 평균 24.22일($22\~27$일), 12.36일($11\~14$일), 11.50일($10\~13$였고, 용기 치사율은 $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 $18.18\%,\;42.11\%,\;40\%$였다. 6. 발육영점온도는 난이 $11.61^{\circ}C$, 유충이 $11.96^{\circ}C$, 용이 $10.06^{\circ}C$였고 유효적산온도는 난, 유충과 용이 각각 60.41일도, 319.35일도와 222.66일도였으며 담배나 방의 발육영점온도는 $11.17^{\circ}C$였고, 유효적산온도는 60 2.42일도였다. 7. 발육과 온도와의 관계에서 Y=-4.272X+155.39 (r=0.9105), (Y=전 생육기기간을 완료하는데 소요되는 일수, X=처리온도)를 얻었으며 실측치와의 오차는 $6\~10$일로 생육단계 특히 유충기와 개체간 생리적 차가 현저함을 알 수 있었다. 8. Thuricide $HP^{(R)}$ 분무처리 시 치사율은 평균 $73.43\%$였고 Bait처리 시 치사율은 평균 $58.22\%$였으며 처리간에는 유의성이 있었으나 처리시기나 약량간에는 유의성이 없었다.