A virus disease of sesame (Sesamum idicum L.) caused by watermelon mosaic virus (WMV)

참깨의 모자이크 증상에서 분리한 수박${\cdot}$모자이크 바이러스에 관한 연구

This paper deals with the studies on the occurence of a new virus disease of sesame and the identification of the causal virus. The virus disease of sesame has been regarded as a widespread disease in the sesame-growing areas in the southern part of Korea. The disease was found to be caused by watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). During the years since 1978, stunting of sesame plants, with yellow mosaic, necrotic spot, and malformation, were collected from 17 different places. Virus isolates from 27 out of 32 samples were identified as WMV. Natural infection of squash, pumpkin, cucumber, and watermelon by WMV as well as sesame was proved. The virus is inactivated at temperatures of 55 to $60^{\circ}C$, at dilution of $10^{-3}\;to\;10^{-4}$, and in the aging of 10 to 14 days at about $20^{\circ}C$. Sesame, Chenopodium amaranticelor, pea, bean, as well as many plants of the Cucurbitaceae, are susceptible to the sesame-isolates of WMV. In negatively stained preparations, particles of the virus appear under the electron microscope as flexible filaments of about $750\~800nm$ in length. Cylindrical inclusions and virus particles were found in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells by ultra-thin sections of WMV infected tissues.

참깨, 호박, 오이의 모자이크 증상주에서 전자현미경 및 즙액접종에 의하여 분리한 바이러스에 대하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 본 바이러스를 즙액접종 하였을 때 P. vutgaris, P. sativum, S. indicum, C. melo, C. maxima, C. pepo는 전신감염, C. amaranticolar는 국부감염 되었다. 2. 본 바이러스는 M. persicae로 쉽게 전반되었고, 종자전염은 하지 않았다. 9. 조즙액중의 물리성은 내열성이 $55\~60^{\circ}C$(10분), 희석성이 $10^{-3}\~10^{-4}$, 내보존성이 $10\~14$일$(22^{\circ}C)$이었다. 4. 본 바이러스의 형태는 길이 $750\~800nm$의 사상립자이고, 본 바이러스의 감염에 의해 세포질내에서 세포질봉입체가 만들어진다는 것이 확인되었다. 5. 본 바이러스에 감염된 S. indicum, C. amaranticolor의 병엽초박절편을 전자현미경으로 관찰하였던바, 각종세포의 세포질내에 사상립자가 병행배열 또는 산재해 있고, 또 사상립자와 함께 반드시 세포질내입체(pinwheel, boundles, laminated aggregates)가 확인되었다. 6. 이상의 결과를 종합해서 참깨 모자이크병의 병원바이러스를 Watermelon mosaic virus(WMV)로 동정하였다.