Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Analysis of Copper In the Soil s of Orchards

원자흡광법(原字吸光法)에 의(依)한 과수원(果樹園) 토양중(土壤中)의 동함량(銅含量) 분석(分析)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

This study was conducted to detect copper which is considered in the soils of orchards, since copper fungicide has been applied to fruit trees. Soil samples taken from the fields of the chief producing districts of apple (Chungju, Yesan, Daegu), pear (Yangju, Bucheon, Seonghwan) and citrus (Seogypo in Jeju island) were analysed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. In orchards of apple, the amount of copper of soils from Yesan, Chungju and Daegu were ranged 2.6-171.3ppm, 2.2-136.1ppm and 14.3-134.6ppm, respectively. Very little copper was detected from the soils in the field which has been cultivated for less than 20 years. About 100ppm and 130-170ppm of copper were detected in the field which has been cultivated for 30 years and for 50-60 years, respectively. Most of the copper was detected in the surface layer of soils (0-10cm), while very low content of copper was detected in the deeper layer of soils (10-20cm). 2. In orchards of pear, 20-30ppm of copper was detected from the surface of soils in the field which has been cultivated for more than 30 years and the highest level of copper, 36.8ppm, was detected from Yangju area. The amount of copper of soils from Yangju, Seonghwan and Bucheon were ranged 3.6-36.8ppm, 9.7-19.4ppm and 3.6-24.7ppm, respectively. 3. In orchards of citrus of Jeju island, only trace amount and 23-38ppm of copper were detected in the fields cultivated for 15 years and 20-30 years, respectively. The highest level of copper, 57ppm, was detected from the surface layer of soils in the field which has been cultivated for 35 years, but in most of the soil samples tested, only the natural background level of copper, about 20ppm, was detected. 4. The levels of copper residue in all the soil samples tested were lower than the tolerance level (125ppm of copper which is extracted in 0.1N-HCl solution), except those of copperr residue, 130-170ppm, that were detected from the orchards of apple which have been under cultivation for 50-60 years. Hence no problem for the farming could be speculated with the present concentration of copper analysed.

농작물(農作物) 및 농경지(農耕地) 토양중(土壤中)의 유해중금속원소(有害重金屬元素)의 축적(蓄積)과 그 대책구명(對策究明)의 관(關)한 일환(一環)으로, 과수목(果樹木)(사과, 배, 감귤) 토양중(土壤中)에 축적(蓄積)된 동함량(銅含量)을 공해관계(公害關係) 공정분석법(公定分析法)으로 통용(通用)되는 원자흡광법(原字吸光法)에 의하여 주요산지별(主要産地別)(사과밭 : 대구(大邱), 예산((禮山), 충주(忠州) ; 배 밭 : 성환(成歡), 부천(富川), 양주(楊州) ; 감귤밭 : 서귀포(西歸浦)), 토심별(土深別)(0~10cm, 10~20cm 및 20~30cm), 및 수령(樹令)(경작년수(耕作年數)) 별(別)로 조사(調査)한 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 사과밭토양(土壤)의 경우(境遇), 수령(樹令)이 5년(年) 미만(未滿)인 때 동(銅)의 축적(蓄積)은 없었으나 10년(年) 이상(以上)부터는 오염(汚染)되기 시작(始作)하여 30년(年) 정도(程度)이면 100ppm 수준(水準)에 이르고, 50~60년(年) 정도(程度)의 토양(土壤)에서는 130~170ppm이 축적(蓄積)되었으며, 대부분(大部分) 표토(表土)(0~10cm)에 함유(含有)되고 그 오염도(汚染度)가 심(甚)하면 표토(表土)(10~20cm)까지 전이오염(轉移汚染)되나 그 정도(程度)는 매우 낮았다. 2. 배밭토양(土壤)에 있어서도 수령(樹令)이 많을수록 동(銅)의 축적량(蓄積量)은 증가(增加)되는 경향(傾向)이었고, 30년(年) 이상(以上)이면 20~30ppm 수준(水準)이었다. 지역별(地域別)로는 최고(最高) 36.8ppm으로 양주군(楊洲君)에 이어 성환(成歡), 부천(富川)의 순(順)으로 낮았고, 토심별(土深別) 수직분포(垂直分布)로는 역시(亦是) 표토(表土)에 대부분(大部分)이 집적(集積)되어 있었다. 3. 감귤밭에 있어서도 수령(樹令)에 따른 경향(傾向)은 전술(前述)한 바와 같았고, 35년(年)된 수원(樹園)의 표토(表土)에서 57ppm이 검출(檢出)되었으나, 15년(年) 미만(未滿)인 경우(境遇)에는 적용(適用)한 분석법(分析法)의 검출한계농도(檢出限界濃度)에 불과(不過)한 흔적(痕迹)만을 보였으며, 20년(年) 및 30년(年)인때 표토(表土)에 각각(各各) 23ppm 및 38ppm이 축적(蓄積)되었고, 심토(深土)에의 수직전이(垂直轉移)는 다른 과원토양(果園土壤)에 비(比)하여 적은 경향(傾向)을 나타냈다. 4. 조사지역(調査地域) 전반(全般)을 통(通)하여 살펴볼 때, 농작물(農作物)의 생육장해(生育障害)와 감수(減收)를 감안하여 외국(外國)에서 규제(規制)하고 있는 농경지(農耕地) 토양중(土壤中)의 동함량(銅含量) 허용기준농도(許容基準濃度) 125ppm(N/10-HCl 침출(浸出))에 비(比)하면 현격(懸隔)하게 미량(微量)이어서 농경상(農耕上)의 문제점(問題點)은 전혀 없다고 사료(思料)된다.