Freezing Resistance of Cryptomeria japonica - Its clonal and Seasonal Differences -

삼나무의 내한성(耐寒性) - 품종별(品種別) 채취시기별(採取時期別) 차이(差異) -

  • Hwang, Jeung (Department of Forestry, Gyeong-sang National University) ;
  • Hong, Sung Gak (College of Agriculture, Kon-kuk University)
  • 황증 (경상대학 임학과) ;
  • 홍성각 (건국대학교 농과대학)
  • Received : 1978.08.28
  • Published : 1978.09.30

Abstract

This study aimed to know difference in freezing resistance among different clonal seedlings or different seed source seedlings of Cryptomeria japonica which has been selected where extreme cold prevails in Korea and Japan. The freezing resistance of three 12-50 year old trees was also measured in the experiment. The freezing resistance was measured in different tissue parts: mainly leaf, cambiam and xylem, at three different collection dates in two different collection places during the winter of 1977-1978. The following results and discussions were made: 1. The clonal difference in freezing resistance of Cryptomeria japonica was $9^{\circ}$ to $15^{\circ}C$ in maximum according to the collection place. However, the clonal difference in freezing resistance was not related to the difference in climatic conditions where the parent tree have been growing. This impiled that the natural selection of cold resistant genes in Cryptomeria japonica has not reached its evolutional equilibrium yet since most of the Cryptomeria forest has been established by artificial regeneration. 2. The difference in freezing resistance among leaf, cambium and xylem was not apparent except that leaf of several clones showed higher freezing resistance than cambium or xylem when they collected at mid-winter. The least freezing resistant tissue part, thought its freezing resistance was not measure in all clones and all temperatures were appeared in the apical buds. The new shoot growth was observed in the next spring with being replaced by its dormant or adventitious bud growth when the apical bud was injured dy cold during winter. 3. The freezing resistance of leaf, cambium and xylem was shown high enough so that freezing resistance Cryptomeria clones in this experiment were supposed to be able to survive in cold winter conditions at the middle part of Korea. However, it was reported that the most susceptible tissue part to winter injury was the basal stem, but of which freezing resistance was not-measured in this experiment. Several silvicultural methods for prevention of Cryptomeria seedlings from cold damage were discussed in literature.

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 일본(日本) 및 한국(韓國)에서 내한성(耐寒性)이 강(强)하다고 생각되는 삼나무 클론 및 개체간(個體間)에 내한성도(耐寒性度)의 차이(差異)를 알기 위하여 진주(晋州)와 전주(全州)의 두 지역(地域)에서 생장(生長)하고 있는 삼나무 묘목(苗木) 및 성목(成木)으로 부터 1977~1978년도(年度) 겨울동안 3차(次)에 걸쳐 채취(採取)된 시료(試料)에 대(對)하여 주(主)로 엽(葉), 형성층(形成層), 재부유조직(材部柔組織)을 중심(中心)으로 내한성(耐寒性)을 조사(調査)하였다. 실험결과(實驗結果)와 고찰(考察)을 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 클론 및 개체간(個體間)의 내한성도(耐寒性度) 차이(差異)는 채취지역(採取地域)에 따라 최고(最高) $9^{\circ}C{\sim}15^{\circ}C$정도(程度)였다. 이러한 내한성도(耐寒性度)의 차이(差異)는 선발(選拔)된 모수(母樹)가 자라고 있는 지역(地域)의 기후조건(氣候條件)과 상관관계(相關關係)가 없었다. 대부분(大部分)의 삼나무 삼림(森林)이 인공조림(人工造林)된 것이므로 내한성(耐寒性) 유전자(遺傳子)와 환경(環境)과의 사이에 자연도태(自然淘汰)에 의(依)한 평형(平衡)이 아직도 이루어지지 않는 것으로 해석(解釋)되었다. 2. 한겨울에 채취(採取)된 몇 품종(品種)이 엽(葉)의 내한성도(耐寒性度)가 형성층(形成層)이나 재부유조직(材部柔組織)보다 높은 결과(結果)를 보였던 것 외에는 엽(葉), 형성층(形成層), 재부유조직(材部柔組織) 간(間)에 내한성도(耐寒性度)의 차이(差異)는 거의 없었다. 가장 내한성(耐寒性)이 낮은 부위(部位)는 정아(頂芽)이지만 정아(頂芽)가 동해(凍害)을 받을 경우는 잠아(潛芽)나 부정아(不定芽)에 의(依)하여 생장(生長) 계속되는 것이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 3. 엽(葉), 형성층(形成層), 재부유조직(材部柔組織)의 내한성도(耐寒性度)로 미루어 한국(韓國) 중부지역(中部地域)에서도 내한성(耐寒性)이 강(强)한 삼나무들은 생육(生育)될 수 있을 것이 예상(豫想)된다. 그러나 삼나무의 가장 내한성(耐寒性)이 약(弱)한 부위(部位)는 지면(地面)에 가까운 줄기라고 보고(報告)되었기 때문에 앞으로 더 연구(硏究)가 필요(必要)하다고 생각되며 지제부(地際部)의 동해(凍害)를 방지(防止)할 수 있는 조림학적(造林學的) 방법(方法)들이 타문헌(他文獻)을 통(通)하여 고찰(考察)되었다.

Keywords