초록
무궁화의 종자(種字)에 colchicine처리(處理)를 실시(實施)하여 얻어진 18년생(年生)의 무궁화중 자주무궁화 2본(本)(선발4개체(選拔4個體)자주무궁화(1), 선발4개체(選拔4個體)자주무궁화(2))와 단심무궁화 1본(本)(선발4개체(選拔4個體)단심무궁화)을 선발(選拔)하고 그 특성(特性)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 선발4개체(選拔4個體)자주무궁화(1) 선발4개체(選拔4個體)자주무궁화(2) 및 선발4개체(選拔4個體)단심무궁화는 체세포염색체수(體細胞染色體數)가 2n=160개(個)이고 비교무궁화는 2n=80개(個)로써 선발4개체(選拔4個體)자주무궁화(1) 선발4개체(選拔4個體)자주무궁화(2) 및 선발4개체(選拔4個體)단심무궁화는 4배체(倍體)무궁화였다. 2. Diploid의 단심무궁화, 자주무궁화와 tetraploid의 단심무궁화, 자주무궁화의 엽(葉)의 과산화동위효소(過酸化同位酵素)가 고활성(高活性) band는 cathode측(側)에 편중(偏重)되고 있고 f band와 v band는 이들 무궁화의 기본(基本) band이며 그리고 효소변이(酵素變異)는 배수성(倍數性)과는 무관(無關)하다. 3. 선발4개체(選拔4個體)자주무궁화(1)의 꽃은 비교(比較)자주무궁화에 비(比)하여 크고 농자색이있다. 선발4개체(選拔4個體)자주무궁화(2)는 꽃의 크기가 비교자주무궁화에 비(比)하여 증대(增大)되지 않았으나 색(色)이 농자색이었으며 꽃잎 기부(基部)에 있는 적단심(赤丹心)이 꽃잎길이의 $\frac{2}{3}$까지 확대되어 있었다. 그리고 선발4개체(選拔4個體)단심무궁화의 꽃의 크기는 비교(比較)단심무궁화에 비(比)하여 크기가 증대(增大)되고 꽃잎의 기부(基部)에 있는 적색조맥(赤色條脈)이 꽃잎길이의 $\frac{2}{3}$까지 뻗어 있었다. 4. 선발4개체(選拔4個體)자주무궁화(1), 선발4개체(選拔4個體)자주무궁화(2) 및 선발4개체(選拔4個體)단심무궁화에서 잎의 두께 공변세포(孔邊細胞), 화분경(花粉徑), 섬유장(纖維長) 및 섬유폭(纖維幅)은 모두 비교(比較)무궁화에 비(比)하여 증대(增大)되었다. 5. 삽목활착율(揷木活着率)은 선발4개체(選拔4個體)자주무궁화(1)이 80%, 선발4개체(選拔4個體)단심무궁화가 36%이었으며 삽목묘(揷木苗)의 생장상황(生長狀況)은 2년생(年生)에서 선발4개체(選拔4個體)자주무궁화(1) 및 선발4개체(選拔4個體)단심무궁화 모두 비교(比較)무궁화보다 뒤떨어졌다.
Two individuals ($sp_1$, $sp_2$) of purple and one individual ($sd_1$) of red hearted flower were selected from 18 years old Hibiscus syriacus trees obtained from the seeds treated with colchicine, and their morphological and physiological characteristics were investigated and following results were obtained. 1. The somatic chromosome number of the selected individuals, $sp_1$, $sp_2$, and $sd_1$ were 2n=160, while that of the check tree was 2n=80, indicating that the selected individuals, $sp_1$, $sp_2$ and $sd_1$ were tetraploid. 2. Peroxidase isoenzyme bands of high activity in selected individuals, $sp_1$, $sd_1$ and check tree were mostly in cathode, fixed band was f and v bands, and frequency of each band and their activity were not different between selected individuals, $sp_1$ and $sd_1$ and check tree. 3. The flowers of $sp_1$ individual were large in size and more dark purple than check tree's. The flowers of $sp_2$ individual were not increased in size, but they were dark purple and red heart at the base of the petal was expanded to 2/3 of the petal length. The flower of $sd_1$ individual was also large and some of the red lines from the petal base were extended to 2/3 of the petal length, which was much longer than those of the check tree. 4. Thickess of leaves, length of guard cells, diameter of pollens, wood fiber lengths and woody fiber widths were all increased in $sp_1$, $sp_2$ and $sd_1$ as compared to those of the check tree. 5. Survival percentage of cuttings was 80% with $sp_1$ and 36% with $sd_1$, and their growth performance were inferior to control in their second growing season.