Abstract
Cardiac output, plasma volume and renal plasma flow were determined to evaluate hemodynamic changes in 29 patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The mean plasma volume was 3793+895ml and it was significantly higher than the normal controls. The mean blood volume ($5266{\pm}1222ml$) and blood volume per kg body weight ($95.7{\pm}23.41ml$) were also increased significantly. The mean plasma volume per kg body weight ($69.1{\pm}19.1ml$) showed increased tendency and the mean difference between blood volume and plasma volume per kg body weight ($26.4{\pm}7.05ml$) was in lower limit of normal range. 2. The mean cardiac output was $7708{\pm}2652ml/min$ and it was significantly increased. The mean cardiac index ($4924{\pm}1998ml/min/M^2$), stroke volume ($96.2{\pm}34.2ml/beat$), stroke index ($62.3{\pm}27.34ml/M^2$) and fractional cardiac index ($1.54{\pm}0.577$) were also increased significantly. The mean total -peripheral resistance was $1664{\pm}753.8\;dynes\;sec\;cm^{-5}M^2$ and it was significantly lower than the normal controls. 3. The mean renal plasma flow was $537{\pm}146.8ml/min/1.73M^2$ and it was normal to decreased tendency. The mean endogenous creatinine clearance ($66.7{\pm}23.0ml/min/1.73M^2$) was significantly decreased. Filtration fraction was variable, but it was slightly lower than normal in most cases. The mean renal fraction of cardiac output ($11.4{\pm}6.27%$) was relatively decreased. 4. Although renal plasma flow was normal or decreased in general, it was definitely diminished in patients with creatinine clearance less than $60ml/min/1.73M^2$, resistant ascites, and signs of azotemia (elevated BUN and serum creatinine). 5. Diminished glomrular filtration rate with low filtration fraction and decreased renal fraction of cardiac output observed strongly supported increased renal afferent arteriolar resistance. 6. Renal circulatory impairment preceded azotemia or oroliguria in cirrhosis. 7. Clinical findigns and liver function were not correlated with hemodynamic changes, except for esophageal varices associated with high cardiac output obsedved. 8. No definite correlation of renal hemodynamics with plasma volume or cardiac output was found.
간경변증(肝硬變症) 환자(患者) 29 례(例)에서 혈장량(血漿量), 심박출량(心搏出量) 및 신혈장류량(腎血漿流量)을 동시(同時)에 측정(測定)하여 혈역학적(血力學的) 변화(變化)를 관찰(觀察)하였으며 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 평균(平均) 혈장량(血漿量)은 $3793{\pm}895ml$로 정상(正常)보다 증가(增加)된 것을 보았고 혈액량(血液量)($5266{\pm}1222ml$) 및 체중(體重) kg당(當) 혈액량(血液量)($95.7{\pm}23.41ml$)도 역시(亦是) 증가(增加)되어 있었다. 체중(體重) kg당(當) 혈장량(血漿量)($69.1{\pm}19.1ml$)은 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였고 혈액량(血液量)과 혈장량(血漿量)의 차(差), 즉(卽) 적혈구질량(赤血球質量)은 $26.4{\pm}7.05ml$로 정상범위내(正常範圍內)에 있었다. 2. 평균(平均) 심박출량(心搏出量)은 $7708{\pm}2652ml/min$로 증가(增加)되어 있었으며 심계수(心係數)($4924{\pm}1998ml/min/M^2$) 심박동량(心搏動量) ($96.2{\pm}34.2ml/beat$), 심박동계수(心搏動係數)($62.3{\pm}27.34ml/M^2$) 및 분별심계수(分別心係數)($1.54{\pm}0.577$)도 모두 증가(增加)함을 보았다. 전말초저항(全末梢抵抗)은 $1664{\pm}753.8dynes\;sec\;cm^{-5}M^2$로 정상(正常)보다 감소(減少)되어 있었다. 3. 평균(平均) 신혈장류량(腎血漿流量)은 $537{\pm}146.8ml/min/1.73M^2$로 정상(正常) 내지는 감소(減少)된 것을 보였고, 평균(平均) treatinine clearance는 $66.7{\pm}23.0ml/min/1.73M^2$로 현저(顯著)한 저하(低下)를 보았다. filtration fraction은 일정(一定)치 않았으나 대부분(大部分)의 예(例)에서 감소(減少)되었다. 심박출량(心搏出量)의 신분별치(腎分別値)는 상대적(相對的)으로 감소(減少)하여 있었다. 4. 신혈장류량(腎血漿流量)은 전반적(全般的)으로는 정상(正常) 또는 저하(低下)되어 있었으나 creatinine clearance가 $60ml/min/1.73M^2$ 이하(以下)인 군(群)과 치료(治療)에 저항(抵抗)하는 복수군(腹水群) 및 질소혈증(窒素血症)이 있는 예(例)에서 현저(顯著)한 감소(減少)를 보였다. 5. 본실험(本實驗)에서 관찰(觀察)한 사구체(絲球體) 여과율(濾過率)의 감소(減少), filtration fraction의 저하(低下) 및 심박출량(心搏出量)의 신분별치(腎分別値)의 감소등(減少等)은 신장(腎臟)의 수입세동맥저항(輸入細動脈抵抗)의 상승(上昇)을 뒷받침한다. 6. 간경변증(肝硬變症)에서 신순환(腎循環) 장애(障碍)는 질소혈증(窒素血症)이나 핍뇨(乏尿)에 선행(先行)하여 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 7. 임상상(臨床像)이나 간기능(肝機能) 성적(成績)은 이들 혈역학(血力學) 변화(變化)와 상관관계(相關關係)가 없었고 다만 식도(食道) 정맥류(靜脈瘤)가 심박출량(心搏出量)이 증가(增加)된 예(例)에서 관찰(觀察)되었다. 8. 신혈역학(腎血力學) 변화(變化)와 혈장량(血漿量) 혹(或)은 심박출량(心搏出量) 간(間)에도 상관관계(相關關係)는 없었다.