도열병균의 핵학적 연구

Studies on the nuclear cytology of Pyricularia oryzae CAV

휴지상태에 있는 성숙한 도열병균 포자 1,000개를 관찰한 결과 각 세포에 단핵을 가지는 포자비율이 $95\%$로 단연 많았고 또 미숙회자인 1세포 1핵 포자로부터 출발하여 3세포 3핵인 성숙포자가 형성됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 분열 중인 핵은 배열된 염색체로서 관찰할 수 있었으며, 염색체수는 n=3,4,5,6개로 나타났으나, n=5개가 가장 많았다. 핵이 발아관으로 이동하는 방법은 첫째로 휴지상태에 있던 핵이 분열하여 2핵이 되고 그 중 1핵이 발아관에 이동하고 1핵은 세포내에 머무는 것과$(43\%)$, 둘째 방법은 핵분열 없이 직접 세포내의 1핵이 발아관을 따라 이동하는 것들이 $(57\%)$ 있다. 또 부착기내의 핵을 염색하여 관찰한 결과 무핵의 부착기가 상당히 많았으나 핵질을 가진 500개의 부착기 중에 단핵이 476개로서 $95.2\%$였다(Chromosome 으로 관찰된 4부착기는 제외). 이상의 결과로서 도열병균은 전생활환을 통하여 단핵을 함유한다는 것을 인정할 수 있으며, 도열병균포자가 다세포일지라도 Homokaryon이라고 생각되므로 단포자분리균을 도열병에 관한 모든 시험에 공시하는 것은 합당하다고 할 수 있다.

Results obtained from the observation of 1,000 matured resting conidia of Pyricularia oryzae CAV. were as fellows. The percentage of a condium conitaining was 95.5, while that of a multinucleate conidium was 4.5. Formation of the three-celled mature conidium containing a nucleus in each cell, which was derived from the immatured conidium, could be recognized. Chromosomes could be observed in the conidium when the nuclear division took place. The number of chromosomes was n=3, 4, 5 or 6 but rile majority was 5. The nucleus was moved into the germ-tube from the conidium by following ways: (a) a resting nucleus divided into two nuclei in the conidium and one of them was moved into the germ-tube. The other nucleus remained in the conidium (43 per cent): (b) a nucleus was moved into the germ-tube from the conidium without nuclear division (57 Per cent). The appressorium without a nucleus was abundantly observed when stain was made. However, tile number of a mononucleate appressorium was 476 out of 500 appressoria which had nuclear sap. On the ground of this experiment, we could support the conidium of blast fungus contained mononucleus and also homokaryon seemed to b: appealed on the conidia even though those were multilocular. As the results, it could be concluded that use of inoculum derived from single spore isolate was reasonable for any experiments in the rice blast fungus.