Pervaporative Butanol Fermentation

Butanol can be manufactured by chemical synthesis or by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrate-containing materials. Today the principal commercial source of n-butanol is n-butyraldehyde, obtained from the Oxo reaction of propylene. When crude oil price was sky-rocketed in late 70's and subsequently the price of petrochemical products raised, butanol production from renewable resources such as agricultural and forestry products once gained research interests.