• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2008

Mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus isolates was examined on PDA media added with heavy metals to reveal effects of heavy metals on mycelial growth of the fungus. Cd and Cu strongly inhibited mycelial growth of three isolates of fungus tested. However, addition of $2{\sim}10\;mM$ Pb to growing media of white color mutant of fungus resulted in increase of the fungal growth rate. Addition of 2 mM Cr to the media resulted in increase of growth rate of the white color mutant and the dark color mutant of fungus. Mycelial growth rate of the white color mutant was relatively better than the other isolates on media added with Cr, Pb, Cu, or Mn, respectly. Tolerance of the white color mutans to heavy metals was higher than that of the black color mutant. It is suggested that tolerance of the white color mutant to heavy metals was not controled by color-related substance of the fungus.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.348-355
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• 2006

Phenotypes of panicle, hull and seed of mutant rice (Oryza sativa L.) were characterized. Panicle mutants were classified in 4 groups with their internode length of main rachis, primary rachis, secondary rachis and pedicel. Hull and seed mutants were grouped into 12 based on their mutant characters in shape, size and color of seeds. These natural and spontaneous mutant collections showed distinct phenotypes to wild type rice. This might be useful for the identification of the functions of genetic factors in the Mendelian inheritance.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.429-439
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• 2018

To develop a convenient promoter analysis system for fungi, a null-pigment mutant (NPG) of Aspergillus nidulans was used with the 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) gene, npgA, which restores the normal pigmentation in A. nidulans, as a new reporter gene. The functional organization of serially deleted promoter regions of the A. nidulans trpC gene and the Cryphonectria parasitica crp gene in filamentous fungi was representatively investigated to establish a novel fungal promoter assay system that depends on color complementation of the NPG mutant with the PPTase npgA gene. Several promoter regions of the trpC and crp genes were fused to the npgA gene containing the 1,034-bp open reading frame and the 966-bp 3' downstream region from the TAA, and the constructed fusions were introduced into the NPG mutant in A. nidulans to evaluate color recovery due to the transcriptional activity of the sequence elements. Serial deletion of the trpC and crp promoter regions in this PPTase reporter assay system reaffirmed results in previous reports by using the fungal transformation step without a laborious verification process. This approach suggests a more rapid and convenient system than conventional analyses for fungal gene expression studies.

• ALGAE
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2003

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.520-526
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• 1993

A morphologically different form of Ganoderma lucidum was isolated from a cultivator's farm, and its optimum growth conditions were determined. A major difference in their morphology was color of fruit bodies. Fruit bodies of the mutant were white wherase those of normal Ganoderma lucidum were red. Spores of the mutant were global and mycelia were thin. Mycelial growth of this white mutant was favorable on potato sucrose agar medium, and optimum pH of the medium was 5.5.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.101-108
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• 2012

Pleurotus ostreatus 'Miso' is a mutant strain showing white color in pileus from the known parent strain 'Wonhyeong 1'. Shape and several other characters also vary with culture conditions. Mating experiments were performed to understand interstrain mating relationship using monokaryons of the parent and the mutant strains. All monokaryons were grown from single spores isolated from freshly collected fruit bodies. Pairings were performed in 90 mm petri dishes on PDA. They were allowed to grow at 25 until two fronts of the advancing mycelia met and developed a conspicuous contact zone. The contact zone and the outer edges of paired colonies on each plate were examined for clamp connections. The parent and the mutant resulted in tetrapolar incompatibility in intrastrain crosses. In interstrain crosses, each monokaryotic tester strain of the parent strain was out-crossed to monokaryotic tester strains of the mutant. As a result of these crosses it was found that both strains share the same A and B incompatibility factors yielding 25% compatibility.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.450-455
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• 2009

The "stage albinism line of winter wheat" FA85 was a specific natural mutant strain on leaf color. This physiological mutation was controlled by cytogene. In order to reveal the genetic and biochemical mechanism of albinism, 2-DE was used to investigate the difference of chloroplast protein expression pattern between FA85 and its parent wheat Aibian 1. From the results of 2-DE gels analysis, approximately 683 spots were detected on each gel, and 57 spots were expressed differently at least two-fold. Using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, 14 of 57 spots were identified, which could be categorized into four classes: carbon metabolism, energy metabolism, defense/stress response and signal transduction. Compared with the parent wheat, the expression of ATPase-$\gamma$ and GP1-$\alpha$ was up-regulated in FA85, and of other proteins was down-regulated. Together, we concluded that the expression of chloroplast proteins had changed obviously in FA85, which might be related to the leaf color mutant.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.456-460
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• 2011

This study was carried out to compare the pattern of mutant variation and to evaluate the characteristics of mutants obtained by gamma irradiation in rose 'Kardinal'. Forty four rooted cuttings of 'Kardinal' were irradiated at 70 Gy gamma-ray dose from a $^{60}Co$ source to induce mutants in 2002. The irradiated plants were planted in field, and observed spotting of petal color mutants from 2002 to 2004. Four different kinds of mutant twigs with each different color flower were obtained from the irradiated 'Kardinal' with red petal. After being identified to be a stable mutant from 2004 to 2008, each mutant line propagated by cutting was hydroponic-cultured to evaluate the characteristics in the greenhouse from 2008 to 2009. Four mutant lines obtained from 'Kardinal' with red petal (Red group, 44A, 45B) include KA1 with light pink petal (Red group, 55B-55D), KA2 with pink petal (Red group, 63A-63B), KA3 with deep pink (Red purple, N57A-N57C), and KA4 with orange red (Red group, 43A-43B). Diameters of each flower in four mutant lines were different from 'Kardinal'. The line KA1 was 9.5 cm wide, and it showed the smallest diameter when compared to other mutants. While the line KA2 was the largest one with 12.5 cm 'Kardinal'. Petal number per flower was also variable among the mutants. The line KA2 had 39.8 petals being the largest number among the mutants, while the line KA1 was the lowest one compared to 35.5 petals of 'Kardinal'. Petal color was measured by using colorimeter. Brightness (L) measured at each petal of four mutants increased more than 'Kardinal'. CIE Lab values, a and b decreased more than 'Kardinal' at the petal color of three mutants except the line KA4. Characteristics of shoot, leaf, etc. from four mutants were also different from the ones of 'Kardinal'. The line KA1 was shortest in shoot, node and peduncle length, and lowest in prickle number. The reverse side of leaves was reddish green color in 'Kardinal' as well as the line KA4, but green color in the line KA1, KA2, and KA3.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2010

Rape (Brassica napus L.) plants are one of the major oilseed crops. The main components of rapeseed are oil (35 to 47%) and protein (15 to 32%). For the biodiesel production, the development of a new variety of rape plant with high biomass and/or oleic acid contents is required. In order to determine the optimum dose of gamma-ray irradiation, the rape seeds of cvs. Hanra (Hr), Youngsan (Ys), Tammi (Tm), and Tamra (Tr) were irradiated with a 100~4,000 Gy dose range of gamma-rays. Considering the growth factors, the optimum doses were determined to be within the range of 600~1,000 Gy for the selection of useful mutant lines. Six-hundred and eighty-eight (688) $M_2$ mutant lines were obtained from 600~1,000 Gy gamma-ray-irradiated $M_1$ plants through selfing. The growth characteristics, leaf shape, early flowering, and flower color were all investigated. The selected mutant numbers of early flowering, leaf shape, and flower color were 34, 52, and 3 from the four cultivars, respectively. These mutant lines will be used for the development of a new variety of rape plant with high biomass and oleic acid contents.

• ALGAE
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2003