• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.221-234
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• 2016

The application of animal manure on farm fields is one of the most economical ways. However, the continuous application of manure in paddy fields might change soil properties influencing the growth of rice plant. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the changes in selected chemical and biological properties of soils and rice production as affected by the applications of two different fertilizer sources, which were the consecutive applications of liquid swine manure (LSM) and chemical fertilizer (CF), during the three experimental years, from 2012 to 2014. Application amount of LSM was based on 100% of nitrogen fertilizer recommendation rate for rice cultivation estimated by soil testing. Plant height and tiller number in rice at the first year of liquid swine manure manure plot were lower than those of chemical fertilizer plot. Height and tillers of rice in liquid swine manure plot were higher than those of rice in chemical fertilizer plot after consecutive application for 3 years. Rice yield In the first year of application was decreased by 7% than that of chemical fertilizer, but the yield of rice in the third year of application in LM 100% plot was increased by 8% compared to the chemical fertilizer. Toyo-taste value of milled rice in LM 100% was decreased by increasing of protein contents and decreasing rate of perfect grain. The K and Zn contents in the soil were increased in the plots of consecutive LSM application. The results implied that the liquid manure may neither decrease the yield of rice and nor increase soil properties except K and Zn in the soil, and decrease rice quality.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.271-282
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of concentrated pig slurry and byproduct liquid fertilizer on the growth and yield of chinese cabbage. The experiment was conducted in a rain-shelter house which was installed in the agriculture farm. Plants were fertilized with concentrated slurry (CS), byproduct fertilizer (BF), mixture of concentrated slurry and byproduct liquid fertilizer (CS+BF), combined organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+BF) and chemical fertilizer (CF) as control. 1. The pH level of byproduct liquid was decreased from the 3rd to the 7th day and increased 9 day to 14th day, but pH of concentrated slurry (CS) was not greatly varied. EC of concentrated slurry (CS) and byproduct liquid was increased gradually during the fermentation. 2. The concentrated slurry (CS) was low in phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, rich in potassium and unbalanced as a low nitrogen and high potassium. But byproduct liquid fertilizer was balanced in nitrogen and potassium ratio. 3. The leaf number, head height, head width of chinese cabbage in treatment with organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+N) showed significant difference compared with control. The plant and head weight of chinese cabbage in treatment of concentrated slurry was severely decreased, but that in treatment organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+N) were increased 8, 10% compared with control chemical fertilizer (CF), respectively. 4. The content of $K_2O$ in plant tissue and in soil was increased after using concentrated slurry. On the other hand, mineral content of except $K_2O$ did not differ significantly between any of the treatments. In conclusion, organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+N) could improve growth and head weight of chinese cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.333-336
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• 1987

A liquid waste from methane fermantation was applied on Maize field to determine its effect and optimum application rate on the plant growth. A basal application of liquid waste increased a considerable amount of soil water resulting in an increase of germination. Fresh and dry yields of maize plant increased as the liquid waste application rate increased and same as plant growth. Nitrogen and phosphorus components in plant and soil showed the same tendency as the yields. The result indicates that the liquid waste is potentially useful source for a fertilizer and irrigation water.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.32-39
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• 2015

Objective of this study was to investigate characteristics of inorganic components contained in liquid fertilizer produced using seaweed by adding microorganisms and molasses. Addition of dry yeast to liquid fertilizer resulted in little change in pH and considerable increase in EC with high EC value compared to other liquid fertilizers which have microorganisms additives. Also, it was appeared that the dry yeast-added treatment had higher $NH_4-N$ concentration than other treatments. In the other hand, addition of molasses resulted in low pH compared to the control which has no additives, and EC was not different depending on the amount of molasses. $NH_4-N$ concentration in the 2% molasses added treatment was lowest and it showed a significant difference in the no and 1% molasses added treatments. In conclusion, it was shown that addition of dry yeast to liquid fertilizer increased ammonium nitrogen concentration by accelerating nitrogen mineralization, while molasses has an effect of inhibiting nitrogen mineralization. With application of organic liquid fertilizer containing seaweed increased the fresh weight of chinese cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.83-99
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to develop liquid fertilizer for leaf vegetable using the agricultural by-products such as dry chicken dropping, bone meal, rice bran, soybean oil cake and fish meal. Combination of 50% dry chicken dropping, 30% bone meal and 20% rice bran among several combinations of by-products was selected as materials for liquid fertilizer of head lettuce and cabbage. 50kg of materials with combination selected got mixed to 200ι of water, which kept under room temperature in greenhouse. EC and pH of fertilizer was stabilized after 35 days. On the decrease of bad smell during fermentation, addition of materials such as bioceramics, woody vinegar and active charcoal was not effected. And on rapid fermentation, addition of microorganisms and sugar had a little effect, but decreased the content of inorganic nutrients. Fertigation of liquid fertilizer developed on cabbage by dropping made head weight increased by 0.9kg per plant and nitrate content decreased by 276ppm in comparison with chemical fertilizer which was 3.5kg, and 2,426ppm, respectively. By use of organic liquid fertilizer developed in this experiment, yield of cabbage could be more obtained by 26% than in use of chemical fertilizer and income by 24%.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of developed SCB (DSCB) liquid fertilizer produced by adding N, P and K at SCB liquid fertilizer on the growth of kentucky bluegrass. Two different N sources used in DSCB were ammonium sulfate (DSCB-A) and urea (DSCB-U), respectively. Fertilizer treatments were designed as follows; non-fertilizer (NF), control (CF; chemical fertilizer), DSCB-A1 ($200\;ml{\cdot}m^{-2}$DSCB-A), OSCB-A2 ($250\;ml{\cdot}m^{-2}$DSCB-A), OSCB-U ($250\;ml{\cdot}m^{-2}$DSCB-U) and CF+SCB (CF+$250\;ml{\cdot}m^{-2}$SCB). Every treatment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In kentucky bluegrass, turf color index, chlorophyll index, dry weight and nutrient contents were measured. Results were as follows; It was hardly affected by DSCB and SCB application in investigation of chemical properties of soil. Turf color index and chlorophyll index in DSCB and SCB treatments were increased by 1~2% and 19~24% than NF, respectively and similar to CF. As applied with DSCB and SCB, dry weight of DSCB-U and CF+SCB was increased by 36% and 10% than CF, respectively, but similar to that of OSCB-A1 and DSCB-A2. Evaluated with turf quality and growth, DSCB-U was the best in all treatment and OSCB-A1 the most efficient. These results indicated that applications of OSCB and SCB promoted turf quality and growth of kentucky bluegrass or similar to CF, so that they were expected to replace chemical fertilizers.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate effect of liquid fertilizer contained medium of Lactobacillus confusa and Pichia anoala on growth of creeping bentgrass(Agrostis palustris Huds. CV. Pennlixs). By application method of liquid fertilizer, the experiment plot was designed as following; NF was non-fertilized treatment, control was applied with compound fertilizer and treatment 1(T-1), treatment 2(T-2) and treatment 3(T-3) were applied with compound fertilizer and liquid fertilizer solution diluted 500, 300 and 100 folds, respectively. The every treatments was arranged a randomized complete block with three replications. Compared with NF, leaf color index of control, T-1, T-2 and T-3 in creeping bentgrass was increased 7.4%, 7.5%, 77% and 7.2%, respectively and chlorophyll content of T-1, T-2 and T-3 in creeping bentgrass was increased 45.7%, 45.6%, 52.1% and 49.6%, respectively, and T-2 and T-3 was increased 4.4% and 2.7% more than control. Dry weight of T-1, T-2 and T-3 was increased 2.7%, 13.8% and 13.9% more than control, when compared to control. These results were found that turfgrass qualities and growth was improved in treatment applied to compound fertilizer and solution of liquid fertilizer diluted 300 folds.

• Proceedings of the Turfgrass Society of Korea Conference
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• pp.24-31
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to study an effect of liquid fertilizer contained amino acids(LFcAA) on the growth of Bentgrass(Agrostis palustris Huds. penncross) and the change of soil chemicals characteristics. In tested soil, the utilization rate of nitrogen in treatment was more than control. Fresh weight, dry weight and concentration of T-N, Mg and chlorophyll were increased in grass treated LFcAA. These results suggested that treatment of LFcAA was promoted utilization of nitrogen in soil and growth of bentgrass.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.111-116
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• 2001

As part of the recycling methods, residual food through the anaerobic fermentation process was decomposed into methane gas and fermentation liquid. The research was conducted to measure the effect of application of fermentation liquid on chemical properties of soil and plant growth according to application rate and separate manure at the base of nitrogen in fermentation liquid. The fermentation liquid contained 0.52% nitrogen was applied in treatments by standard fertilizer. The treatments were composed of the control only with chemical fertilizer and N-50, N-100-4, N-100-8 were each of applied with 50, 100(6 times), 100(3 times)% of fermentation liquid contrast to standard fertilizer. Properties of fermentation liquid was high EC because of waster soluble organic compounds as well as much of salts and also contained a lot of suspended solid. The changes of soil chemical properties little occurred in before and after of experiment but EC and content of ex. Ca in soil were increased. Fresh weigh in treatments applied with fermentation is high than that of control but the difference between treatments little showed. The above result means if fermentation liquid be used instead of chemical fertilizer the volume of used fermentation liquid will be reduced by 50% of present standard fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.579-584
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• 2013

The study was conducted to investigate changes in the characteristics of inorganic components during fermenting process of organic liquid fertilizers according to the type and ratio of microorganism and the amount of molasses when producing organic liquid fertilizers using sesame oil cake and rice bran. To select appropriate microorganisms, liquid fertilizers were produced through a 90-day fermentation process by adding mag-ggeo-li, yogurt, dried yeast, and leaf mold. The pH in liquid fertilizer was decreased, and then increased in all microorganism samples except the mag-ggeo-li sample. The EC was rapidly increased in all samples until the $10^{th}$ days after production, and showed no changes after the $60^{th}$ days in dried yeast and after the $30^{th}$ days in the other samples. The concentration of $NH_4$-N was generally increased with time. The concentration of $P_2O_5$ was rapidly increased until the $10^{th}$ days after production and was maintained at about 1% regardless of the type of microorganism. In terms of the characteristics of liquid fertilizers according to the ratio of selected dried yeast, the pH was decreased until the $30^{th}$ days after producing the liquid fertilizers, and then was increased regardless of the ratio of dried yeast. The EC was increased with time and showed no differences depending on the amount of dried yeast. The concentration of $NH_4$-N was increased with time and in proportion to the amount of dried yeast. In terms of the characteristics of liquid fertilizers according to the ratio of molasses, the pH was decreased with increasing the molasses. The EC and concentration of $P_2O_5$ were no differences according to the amount of molasses. When 3% molasses was added, the content of $NH_4$-N was 2.6 mg $L^{-1}$ at the beginning and was at 3,025 mg $L^{-1}$ on the $90^{th}$ days.