Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society (전기화학회지)

The Korean Electrochemical Society (한국전기화학회)
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Electrochemical Performance of High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Batteries with NCM Cathode Varying the Thickness of Coating Layer by Atomic Layer Deposition

Atomic Layer Deposition의 두께 변화에 따른 NCM 양극에서의 고전압 리튬 이온 전지의 전기화학적 특성 평가

  • Im, Jinsol (Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Ahn, Jinhyeok (Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Kim, Jungmin (School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Sung, Shi-Joon (Convergence Research Center for Solar Energy, DGIST) ;
  • Cho, Kuk Young (Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University)
  • 임진솔 (한양대학교재료화학공학과) ;
  • 안진혁 (한양대학교재료화학공학과) ;
  • 김정민 (성균관대학교화학공학과) ;
  • 성시준 (DGIST 태양에너지융합연구센터) ;
  • 조국영 (한양대학교재료화학공학과)
  • Received : 2019.04.16
  • Accepted : 2019.04.30
  • Published : 2019.05.31

Abstract

High-voltage operation of the lithium ion battery is one of the advantageous approaches to obtain high energy capacity without changing the conventional cell components and structure. However, operating at harsh condition inevitably results in severe side reactions at the electrode surface and structural disintegration of active material particles. Herein we coated layers composed of $Al_2O_3$ and ZnO on the electrode based on NCM using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Thicker layers of novel Al-doped ZnO (AZO) coating compared to conventional ALD coated layers are prepared. Cathode based on NCM with the varying AZO coating thickness are fabricated and used for coin cell assembly. Effect of ALD coating thickness on the charge-discharge cycle behavior obtained at high-voltage operation was investigated.

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Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of ALD coating process: mainly ZnO deposition and only one layer of Al2O3 deposition. TEM image of ZnO:Al2O3 ALD coating layer on glass. (b) ZnO:Al2O3 = 5:1 (AZO6), (c) ZnO:Al2O3 = 9:1 (AZO10), (d) ZnO:Al2O3 = 19:1 (AZO20), and (e) ZnO:Al2O3 = (19:1)×2 (AZO40)

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Fig. 2. EDS mapping of ALD coated NCM523 at AZO20: (a) SEM image of analysis site, and mapping image of elements of (b) Al (aluminum), and (c) Zn (zinc). (d) Element intensity of Zn.

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Fig. 3. EDS elemental line concentration profile of ALD coated NCM523 at AZO20: (a), (b) SEM image of analysis area point, (c) intensity, and (d) atomic %.

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Fig. 4. Cyclic voltammetry on ALD coated cathode half cell: (a) AZO6, (b) AZO10, (c) AZO20, and (d) AZO40.

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Fig. 5. Electrochemical result of cells using ALD coated and non-coated cathode: cycle performance of the cell operated at the cut off voltage of 4.5 V. (a) cycle rate of 0.2 C, (b) cycle rate of 0.5 C, (c) coulombic efficiency, (d) capacity retention plot using the result of (a), and (e) rate capability.

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Fig. 6. Nyquist plots of coated cathode and anode full cell systems: (a) non-coated, (b) AZO6, (c) AZO10, (d) AZO20, (e) AZO40, and (f) equivalent circuit used to model the impedance spectra of cells.

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국에너지기술평가원 (KETEP)

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