Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society (전기화학회지)

The Korean Electrochemical Society (한국전기화학회)
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Prussian Blue Analogues for Rechargeable Batteries

프러시안블루 유사체를 활용한 이차전지 연구

  • Kim, Yang Moon (School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Choi, Seungyeon (School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Choi, Jang Wook (School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University)
  • 김양문 (서울대학교화학생물공학부) ;
  • 최승연 (서울대학교화학생물공학부) ;
  • 최장욱 (서울대학교화학생물공학부)
  • Received : 2018.11.29
  • Accepted : 2019.02.07
  • Published : 2019.02.28

Abstract

Prussian blue analogues(PBAs) are comprised of cyano-bridged transition metal ions. The wide and unique open-framework structures of the PBAs enable reversible intercalation and deintercalation of various ions such as $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, etc. In addition, since PBAs are synthesized through coprecipitation reaction in aqueous solution at room temperature, they are produced economically and environmentally friendly. However, the formation of crystals proceeds rapidly, and defects such as vacancy and crystal water tend to be present in the crystals, thereby affecting key battery performance. Therefore, significant efforts to inhibit defects in PBAs have been made. In the case of vacancy, the reaction rate was controlled at the synthesis stage to reduce the formation of vacancy, and the crystal water was removed by heat treatment under vacuum. In addition, by adding transition metals that do not react within the structure of PBA, the structural instability during the electrochemical reaction was largely alleviated.

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Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the general crystal structure and redox reactions for PBA.

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Fig. 2. (a) The synthetic procedure of PBAs consisting of coprecipitation, dissociation, nucleation, and crystal growth. (b) TGA curves measured at a scan rate of 10 °C min-1 from room temperature to 500 °C in N2 atmosphere (conventional coprecipitation-based PBA: RC-Na2CoFe(CN)6, controlled crystallization-based PBA: CC-Na2CoFe(CN)6). (c) The XRD profiles of the RC-Na2CoFe(CN)6 and CC-Na2CoFe(CN)6. (d) Charge/discharge profiles and (e) long-term cycling stability at a rate of 1 C and 5 C, respectively (1 C=130 mA g-1). Reproduced with permission.12) Copyright 2015, John Wiley and Sons.

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Fig. 3. (a) The structure of PBMN. (b) The galvanostatic charge–discharge profiles of PBM, PBN and PBMN when measured in the range of 2.0~4.0 V at 10 mA g-1. (c) Cycling performance of PBM, PBN and PBMN when measured in the range of 2.0~4.0 V at 100 mA g-1. Reproduced with permission.16) Copyright 2014, The Royal Society of Chemistry.

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Fig. 4. (a) The TGA curves and (b) IR spectra of air-dried and vacuum-dried Na2MnFe(CN)6. The TGA test was conducted at a heating rate of 5 °C min−1 under N2 atmosphere. Ex situ XRD patterns of (c) air-dried and (d) vacuumdried Na2MnFe(CN)6 at different states at the first cycle. (e) Rate capability of the vacuum-dried Na2MnFe(CN)6. (f) Cycling performance of vacuum-dried Na2MnFe(CN)6. Reproduced with permission.17) Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society.

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Fig. 5. (a) A schematic mechanism for the removal of coordinated water from RGOPC. (b) The galvanostatic charge–discharge profiles of PB, RGOPC1, RGOPC2 and RGOPC3 when measured in the rage of 2.0~4.0 V at 30 mA g-1. (c) Cycling performance of PB, RGOPC1, RGOPC2 and RGOPC3 when measured in the rage of 2.0~4.0 V at 200 mA g-1. Reproduced with permission.18) Copyright 2015, The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Table 1. Elemental compositions of NaCoFe(CN)6 from controlled crystallization (CC-NaCoHCF) and NaCoFe(CN)6 from conventional coprecipitation reaction (RC-NaCoHCF). Reproduced with permission.12) Copyright 2015, John Wiley and Sons

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Table 2. The atom occupation and d-spacing of PB, RGOPC1, RGOPC2 and RGOPC3. Reproduced with permission.18) Copyright 2015, The Royal Society of Chemistry.

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Acknowledgement

Supported by : 산업통상자원부, 과학기술정보통신부

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