Abstract

In this study, core-crosslinked amphiphilic polymer (CCAP) nanoparticles prepared using a reactive amphiphilic polymer precursor (RARP) were used for preparing some valuable compounds encapsulated polymer nanoparticles with high payload through nanoprecipitation process. Various solvents (acetone, ethanol, and THF) having different polarity and CCAP nanoparticles prepared using different amphiphilicity were used for the preparation of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol encapsulated polymer nanoparticles to investigate their effects on the encapsulation efficiency, payload, nanoparticle size, and stability. CCAP dissolved in hydrophobic solvent, THF, could form ${\alpha}$-tocopherol encapsulated polymer nanoparticles dispersed in water with the high payload of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and encapsulation efficiency. Because of their physically and chemically robust nano-structure originated from crosslinking of the hydrophobic core, CCAP nanoparticles could encapsulate ${\alpha}$-tocopherol with the high payload (33 wt%) and encapsulation efficiency (97%), and form 70 nm-sized stable nanoparticles in water.

Keywords

• amphiphilic polymer;
• nanoparticles;
• ${\alpha}$-tocopherol;
• nano-encapsulation;
• nanoprecipitation

File

Download PDF

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 강원대학교

References

1. C. P. Reis, R. J. Neufeld, A. J. Ribeiro, and F. Veiga, Nanoencapsulation I. Methods for preparation of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles, Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 2, 8-21 (2006).
2. L. N. Bell, Stability testing of nutraceuticals and functional foods, In: Handbook of nutraceuticls and functional foods, Wildman REC (ed), CRC Press, New York, 501 (2001).
3. R. C. Metha, B. C. Thanoo, and P. P. Deluca, Peptide containing microspheres from low molecular weight and hydrophilic poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide), J. Controlled. Release, 41, 249-257 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-3659(96)01332-6
4. R. Brigelius-Flohe and M. G. Traber, Vitamin E: function and metabolism, FASEB Journal, 13, 1145-1155 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.13.10.1145
5. S. H. Yoo, Y. B. Song, P. S. Chang, and H. G. Lee, Microencapsulation of $\alpha$-tocopherol using sodium alginate and its controlled release properties, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 38, 25-30 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2005.12.013
6. K. A. Jhonson, Preparation of peptide and protein powders for inhalation, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 26, 3-15 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(97)00506-1
7. S. J. Park, Y. J. Yang, J. R. Lee, and H. B. Lee, Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable Poly($\varepsilon$-caprolactone) Microcapsules Containing Erythromycin by Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Technique, Polymer(Korea), 26, 326-334 (2002).
8. B. O'Donnell and J. W. McGinity, Preparation of microspheres by the solvent evaporation technique, Drug Deliv. Rev., 28, 25-42 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(97)00049-5
9. S. Takada, Y. Yamagata, M. Misaki, K. Taira, and T. Kurokawa, Sustained release of human growth hormone from microcapsules prepared by a solvent evaporation technique, J. Controlled Release, 88, 229-242 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-3659(02)00494-7
10. U. Bilati, E. Allemann, and E. Doelker, Development of a nanoprecipitation method intended for the entrapment of hydrophilic drugs into nanoparticles, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 24, 67-75 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2004.09.011
11. D. Q. Guerrero, E. Allemann, H. Fessi, and E. Doelker, Preparation techniques and mechanisms of formation of biodegradable nanoparticles from performed polymers, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 24, 1113-1128 (1998). https://doi.org/10.3109/03639049809108571
12. H. S. Yoo, H. K. Choi, and T. G. Park, Protein-fatty acid complex for enhanced loading and stability within biodegradable nanoparticles, J. Pharm. Sci., 90, 194-201 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6017(200102)90:2<194::AID-JPS10>3.0.CO;2-Q
13. U. Edlund and A.-C. Albertsson, Degradable polymer microspheres for controlled drug delivery, Albertsson, A.-C.(Ed), 157, 67, Degradable Alphatic polyesters, Advances in Polymer Science, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (2002).
14. N. B. Viswanathan, S. S. Patil, J. K. Pandit, A. K. Lele, M. G. Kulkarni, and R. A. J. Mashelkar, Morphological changes is degrading PLGA and PLA microspheres: implications for the design of controlled release system, J. Microencapsul., 18, 783-800 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1080/02652040110065440
15. J. S. Chawla and M. M. Amiji, Int., Biodegradable poly($\varepsilon$ -caprolactone) nanoparticles for tumor-targeted delivery of tamoxifen, J. Pharm., 249, 127-138 (2002).
16. C. R. Miller, R. Vogel, P. P. T. Surawski, S. R. Corrie, A. Ruhmann, and M. Trau, Biomolecular screening with novel organosilica microspheres, Chem. Commun., 14, 4783-4785 (2005).
17. Y. Yang, C. Hua, and C. M. Dong, Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and In Vitro Doxorubicin Release Behavior of Dendron-like/Linear/ Dendron-like Poly($\varepsilon$-caprolactone)-b-Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-Poly ($\varepsilon$-caprolactone) Triblock Copolymers, Biomacromolecules, 10, 2310-2318 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/bm900497z
18. E. Chiellini, E. E. Chiellini, F. Chiellini, and R. Solaro, Targeted Administration of Proteic Drugs. I. Preparation of Polymeric Nanoparticles, J. Bioact. Compat. Polym., 16, 441-465 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1106/6CFL-4E8A-L7XR-MUF7
19. A. Rosler, G. W. M. Vandermeulen, and H. A. Klok, Advanced drug delivery devices via self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 53, 95-108 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(01)00222-8
20. K. Letchford and H. Burt, Eur., A review of the formation and classification of amphiphilic block copolymer nanoparticulate structures: micelles, nanospheres, nanocapsules and polymersomes, J. Pharm. Biopharm., 65(3), 259-269 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.11.009
21. F. Quaglia, L. Ostacolo, G. De Rosa, M. I. La Rotonda, M. Ammendola, G. Nese, G. Maglio, R. Palumbo, and C. Vauthier, Nanoscopic core-shell drug carriers made of amphiphilic triblock and star-diblock copolymers, Int. J. Pharm., 324(1), 56-66 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.07.020
22. G. A. Husseini and W. G. Pitt, Micelles and nanoparticles for ultrasonic drug and gene delivery, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 60, 1137-1152 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2008.03.008
23. J. X. Zhang, K. Ellsworth, and P. X. Ma, Hydrophobic pharmaceuticals mediated self-assembly of $\beta$-cyclodextrin containing hydrophilic copolymers: Novel chemical responsive nano-vehicles for drug delivery, J. Controlled Release, 145, 116-123 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.04.019
24. P. J. Gandhi and Z. V. P. Murthy, Solubility and Crystal Size of Sirolimus in Different Organic Solvents, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 55, 5050-5054 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/je100626x
25. L. Philippe, L. Sylviane, B. Amelie, G. Ruxandra, R. Wouter, B. Gillian, and V. Christine, Influence of polymer behaviour in organic solution on the production of polylactide nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation, Int. J. Pharm., 344, 33-43 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.05.054
26. J. Y. Kim, D. H. Shin, K. J. Ihn, and C. W. Nam, Synthesis of Magnetic Nanocomposite Based on Amphiphilic Polyurethane Network Films, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 203, 2454-2462 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.200290026
27. J. Y. Kim, D. H. Shin, and K. J. Ihn, Synthesis of Poly(urethane acrylate-co-styrene) Films Containing Silver Nanoparticles by a Simultaneous Copolymerization/in situ Electron Transfer Reaction, Macromol. Chem. Phy., 206, 794-801 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.200400467
28. J. Y. Kim, H. M. Kim, D. H. Shin, and K. J. Ihn, Synthesis of CdS Nanoparticles Dispersed Within Poly(urethane acrylate-costyrene) Films Using an Amphiphilic Urethane Acrylate Nonionomer, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 207, 925-932 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.200600031
29. J. Maia and M. Santana, The effect of some processing conditions on the characteristics of biodegradable microspheres obtained by an emulsion solvent evaporation process, Brazilian J. Chem. Eng., 21, 1-12 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-66322004000100002
30. J. Y. Kim, J. Wainaina, J. H. Kim, and J. K. Shim, Use of Polymer Nanoparticles as Functional Nano-Absorbents for Low- Molecular Weight Hydrophobic Pollutants, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 7, 4000-4004 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.092
31. J. Y. Kim, J. Wainaina, and J. S. Na, Synthesis of amphiphilic silica/ polymer composite nanoparticles as water-dispersible nano-absorbent for hydrophobic pollutants, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 17, 681-690 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2010.10.013
32. I. G. Zigoneanu, C. E. Astete, and C. M. Sabliov, Nanoparticles with entrapped $\alpha$-tocopherol: synthesis, characterization, and controlled release, Nanotech., 19, 105606-105613 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/10/105606
33. T. B. Shea, D. Ortiz, R. J. Nicolosi, R. Kumar, and A. C. Watterson, Nanosphere-mediated delivery of vitamin E increases its efficacy against oxidative stress resulting from exposure to amyloid beta, J. of Alzh. Dis., 7, 297-301 (2005). https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2005-7405
34. Y. J. Byun, J. B. Hwang, S. H. Bang, D. Darby, K. Cooksey, P. L. Dawson, H. J. Park, and S. Whiteside, Formulation and characterization of $\alpha$-tocopherol loaded poly $\varepsilon$-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles, LWT-Food Sci. and Tech., 44, 24-28 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2010.06.032