Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences (아세아태평양축산학회지)

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Nighttime Cooling Is an Effective Method for Improving Milk Production in Lactating Goats Exposed to Hot and Humid Environment

  • Sunagawa, Katsunori (Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus) ;
  • Nagamine, Itsuki (Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus) ;
  • Kamata, Yasuhiro (Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus) ;
  • Niino, Noriko (Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus) ;
  • Taniyama, Yoshihiko (Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus) ;
  • Kinjo, Kazuhide (Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus) ;
  • Matayoshi, Ayano (Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus)
  • Received : 2014.11.21
  • Accepted : 2015.02.13
  • Published : 2015.07.01

Abstract

Heat production in ruminants follows a diurnal pattern over the course of a day peaking 3 hours following afternoon feeding and then gradually declining to its lowest point prior to morning feeding. In order to clarify the cooling period most effective in reducing decreases in feed intake and milk production, experiments were carried out based on the diurnal rhythm of heat production and heat dissipation. In experiment 1, the effects of hot environment on milk production were investigated. The animals were kept first in a thermoneutral environment ($20.0^{\circ}C$, 80.0%) for 12 days, they were then transitioned to a hot environment ($32^{\circ}C$, 80.0%) for 13 days before being returned to second thermoneutral environment for a further 12 days. In experiment 2, the effectiveness of daytime cooling or nighttime cooling for improving milk production in hot environment was compared. While ten lactating Japanese Saanen goats (aged 2 years, weighing 41.0 kg) during early lactation were used in experiment 1, ten lactating goats (aged 2 years, weighing 47.5 kg) during mid-lactation were used in experiment 2. The animals were fed 300 g of concentrated feed and excessive amounts of crushed alfalfa hay cubes twice daily. Water was given ad libitum. The animals were milked twice daily. When exposed to a hot environment, milk yield and composition decreased significantly (p<0.05). Milk yield in the hot environment did not change with daytime cooling, but tended to increase with nighttime cooling. Compared to the daytime cooling, milk components percentages in the nighttime cooling were not significantly different but the milk components yields in the nighttime cooling were significantly higher (p<0.05). The results indicate that nighttime cooling is more effective than daytime cooling in the reduction of milk production declines in lactating goats exposed to a hot environment.

Keywords

Effective Cooling Periods;Heat Stress;Milk Production;Lactating Goats;Circadian Rhythm;Nighttime Cooling

File

Download PDF

References

  1. Ando, S., M. C. Mundia, Y. Nakamura, and S. Yamamoto. 1997. Effect of feed intake levels on heart rate, heat production, and mean body temperature of Holstein heifers. Anim. Sci. Technol. 68: 177-184.
  2. Antoni, F. A. 1986. Hypothalamic control of adrenocorticotropin secretion: Advances since the discovery of 41-residue corticotropin-releasing factor. Endocrine Rev. 7:351-378. https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv-7-4-351
  3. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th. Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Arlington, VA, USA.
  4. Burton, J. L., B. W. McBride, E. Block, D. R. Glimm, and J. J. Kennely. 1994. A review of bovine growth hormone. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 74:167-201. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas94-027
  5. Hales, J. R. S. 1974. Physiological responses to heat. In Environmental Physiology (Eds. A. C. Guyton, D. Horrobin, and D. Robertshaw). Butterworths, University Park Press, London, UK. pp. 107-162.
  6. Chaiyabutr, N., S. Chanpongsang, and S. Suadsong. 2008. Effects of evaporative cooling on the regulation of body water and milk production in crossbred Holstein cattle in a tropical environment. Int. J. Biometerolol. 52:575-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-008-0151-x
  7. Jin, J., T. Yaegashi, and T. Hashizume. 2013. Effects of photoperiod on the secretion of growth hormone and prolactin during nighttime in female goats. Anim. Sci. J. 84:130-135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2012.01050.x
  8. Johnson, H. D. 1987. Bioclimate effects on growth, reproduction and milk production. In: Bioclimatology and the adaptation of livestock (Ed. H. D. Johnson). Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands. pp. 35-57.
  9. Kadzere, C. T., M. R. Murphy, N. Silanikove, and E. Maltz. 2002. Heat stress in lactating cows: A review. Livest. Prod. Sci. 77:59-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(01)00330-X
  10. Kasuya, E., S. Kushibiki, K. Yayou, K. Hodate, and M. Suutoh. 2008. Light exposure during night suppresses nocturnal increase in growth hormone secretion in Holstein steers. J. Anim. Sci. 86: 1799-1807. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-0877
  11. Lu, C. D. 1989. Effects of heat stress on goat production. Small Rumin. Res. 2:151-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(89)90040-0
  12. Magdub, A., H. D. Johnson, and R. L. Belyea. 1982. Effect of environmental heat and dietary fiber on thyroid physiology of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 65:2323-2331. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(82)82504-6
  13. Menzaghi, F., S. C. Heinrichs, E. M. Pich, F. Weiss, and G. F. Koob. 1993. The role of limbic and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor in behavioral responses to stress. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 697:142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb49929.x
  14. Mitra, R., G. I. Christison, and H. D. Johnson. 1972. Effect of prolonged thermal exposure on growth hormone (GH) secretion in cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 34:776-779. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1972.345776x
  15. Nagamine I. and K. Sunagawa. 2014. Effect of original formula feed feeding levels and environmental temperature on milk production in goats. J. Warm Region. Scoc. Anim. Sci. 57:131-140.
  16. Peel, C. J. and D. E. Bauman. 1987. Somatotropin and lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 70:474-486. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(87)80030-9
  17. Prosser, C. G., I. R. Fleet, and R. B. Heap. 1989. Action of IGF-I on mammary function. In: Biotechnology in Growth Regulation (Eds. R. B. Heap, C. G. Prosser, and G. E. Lamming). Butterworth, University Park, London, UK. pp. 141-151.
  18. Purwanto, B. P., Y. Abo, R. Sakamoto, F. Furumoto, and S. Yamamoto. 1990. Diurnal patterns of heat production and heart rate under thermoneutral conditions in Holstein Friesian cows differing in milk production. J. Agric. Sci. 114:139-142. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600072117
  19. Quabbe, H-J., M. Gregor, C. Bumke-Vogt, A. Eckhof, and I. Witt. 1981. Twenty-four-hour pattern of growth hormone secretion in the Rhesus monkey: Studies including alterations of the sleep/wake and sleep stage cycles. Endocrinology 109:513-522. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-109-2-513
  20. SAS. 1990. SAS/STAT User's Guide: Volume 2, Version 6.4th Ed. SAS Institute Inc., SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC, USA 27523.
  21. Scott, I. M., H. D. Johnson, and G. L. Hahn. 1983. Effect of programmed diurnal temperature cycles on plasma thyroxine level, body temperature, and feed intake of Holstein dairy cows. Int. J. Biometeorol. 27:47-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02186300
  22. Sunagawa, K., Y. Arikawa, M. Higashi, H. Matsuda, H. Takahashi, Z. Kuriwaki, Z. Kojiya, S. Uechi, and F. Hongo. 2002. Direct effect of a hot environment on ruminal motility in sheep. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 15:859-865. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.859
  23. Thang, T. V., K. Sunagawa, I. Nagamine, and G. Ogura. 2011. Plasma osmolality controls dry forage intake in large-type goats. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 24:1069-1085. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.11063
  24. Yamamoto, S., J. A. McLean, and A. J. Downie. 1979. Estimation of heat production from heart-rate measurements in cattle. Br. J. Nutr. 42:507-513. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19790142
  25. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74: 3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  26. West, J. W. 1999. Nutritional strategies for managing the heatstressed dairy cow. J. Anim. Sci. 77:21-35.
  27. West, J. W. 2003. Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 86:2131-2144. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73803-X